Body Language Free Essays

Body Language essay by Danielius Orlovas from International Business School International Business English Group 2012 Today we live in a fast-paced world. It is a world of action, where body language is way more important than what we say. There is a good saying that actions are louder than words, which is proof for scientific research that humans express what they want to say by 7% for Words and 93% for body posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye movements. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is Body language and it can help you in relationships, in business, and it is crucial to our daily life. We practice non-verbal communication every day, when we interact with someone else. If observed carefully, we can see that it is the best tool for finding out who the person is and what he thinks at the moment. You can get information from watching their posture, hearing their tone of voice and breathing, or even skin color which may tell us what is going on in persons mind. The body, the face, and the voice, that is where all the secrets are hidden. When you can read body language, every moment you spend with others you can make it valuable, and in business you can make it profitable. It is very important in these days, to study non-verbal communication, because it may help us to grow in our understanding of this world. For example, some politics use body language to hide lies, and manipulate people. A politicians body language can easily give him away, especially when hes under pressure. Anxiety can be read from body, if the hands are trying to be hidden, or if the words don’t match with the movements. Celebrities like politicians are always in a media spotlight. They can slide through any situation, doesn’t matter however embarrassing, using certain body language movements. Some celebrities or politicians even pay for a coach, to learn all secrets of non-verbal communication. Everyone’s body language is different. If you want to go big in the world, then to learn it is vital. Noticing the signals that other people send to us with their body language is a very useful skill to have. Some of us are natural in it, some of us need to sit, read and learn about it, but the truth is that we shouldn’t judge people only by their body language. How to cite Body Language, Essay examples Body Language Free Essays Body language means communication with the movement or position of the human body. It can be conscious – or unconscious. It is something that is noticed by everybody but is not always given enough attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now A way to learn the secrets of body language is to watch television with the sound turned off and try to interpret what is being said simply from reading body language. You will experience that humans say a lot with their mouth which is contradicted by their body, gestures and other channels of communication. This makes it easier to tell whether a person you are talking to is happy, sad, sullen or irritated. Or whether he or she is lying to you, or is impatient, or bored. You should also be able to register whether the person appears to like you, agrees or disagrees with you, is aggressive to you, or is suspicious, angry or worried. Body language is the movements of arms and legs, body posture, the manner in which you sit, facial expressions, gait, eye movements and regular gestures such as stroking your hair, touching your nose, etc. Tilting your head signals that you are not dangerous. Perhaps you hold your hands close to your face when you talk – generally, this is a sign of insecurity. The same is true if you roll a beard or moustache with your hands or fix your hair, perhaps pushing or curling it behind an ear. The way that people sit in chairs is not coincidental. If you are lounging with arms and legs dangling, it is probably a sign that you are relaxed and feeling comfortable. If you are positioned on the edge of the chair with you legs stretched before you and your feet crossed it can signal indifference. Someone going to the dentist or waiting for a job interview might be seated on the edge of the chair with his or her feet together. If it’s a woman she’ll probably be hugging her handbag, or clutching a hanky. Body tension spreads to the respiratory system, forcing your breathing and making you sound short of breath. When you are in such a position it is easy to lose your head and simply run away if things take a turn for the worse. We do not believe that you can teach people to control their body language completely; they will lose control at some point or other – when they become too eager or too angry. When you try to interpret body language, you must interpret in relation to what is being said with words In order to reach your conclusion you must also pay attention to facial expression, the mouth’s position, eye movements and pupil dilation and retraction. Research has shown that the speaker’s face is the most reliable source of information about the mood of a person. Eyebrows that rise up and down rapidly signal acceptance of social contact. If you raise your eyebrows and keep them raised for a while it signals surprise and astonishment – perhaps even indignation. When the raised eyebrows are used along with a wink you are flirting. This can cause problems. For example, in Japan where it is considered very inappropriate, practically improper, to use eyebrow raising at all. Tears and laughter are forms of expression that we think are fairly easy to interpret. How to cite Body Language, Papers

In the passage A Fable for Tomorrow Rachel Carson conveys changes in moods through a variety of methods Essay Example For Students

In the passage A Fable for Tomorrow Rachel Carson conveys changes in moods through a variety of methods Essay How does the author of the following extracts use language to convey changes and contrasts in mood and meaning. In the passage A Fable for Tomorrow Rachel Carson conveys changes in moods through a variety of methods. She attacks the readers senses using visual and audio descriptions, alliteration and the use of positive and negative wording and sentences. I will demonstrate how she achieves this through close analysis of the extract. The title of the passage A Fable for Tomorrow evokes morally instructive childhood fairytales in which characters typically learn lessons from others mistakes and through subtle messages. This is what I think the author is aiming for. Carsons use of tomorrow warns us what will happen if we do not take heed of her words. Throughout the first paragraph the readers visual senses are assaulted through imagery. White clouds of bloom brings to mind cotton wool drifting above the different coloured fields during the spring. The author describes the changing of the seasons and the beginning of the paragraph brings to mind the traditional images of spring and the beginnings of new life. The paragraph uses positive language, long sentences, positive images, words and alliteration. lamed and flicked makes you visualise the fiery colours of autumn, whilst the deer in the mist submerges you in an unspoiled wilderness. The strong wording of seemed to live in harmony is important as Carson suggests it is hard for people to live in harmony with the countryside. The author goes on to describe a winter and in this community even winter is beautiful, delighted the travellers eye and the roadsides were places of beauty. The second paragraph begins very differently from the first with powerful words such as blight which create a sense of foreboding. Shorter sentences become increasingly negative in tone and the alliterations evoke darker mysterious maladies. Fear is created with statements describing much illness and the shadow of death bringing about a sense of panic amongst a community living in fear and shock. Carson also plays on the readers maternal and paternal instincts by using children and showing that the unknown illness is indiscriminate; the children would be suddenly stricken and die within a few hours. The story is brought full circle with it was a spring without voices. This once again plays on the readers senses as they are forced to imagine a spring without birdsong; the countrysides soundtrack. This brings to mind the death of the countryside and visual senses are played on with images of trembling birds, flapping around unable to fly. The final paragraph tells the reader that this town does not exist but it could, echo the chapters title A Fable for Tomorrow. It warns the reader that unless they take action, what she has described will occur on a large scale in a substantial number of communities. The use of the negative phrases grim spectres and tragedy drives home the need for action. Carson manages to convey changes and contrasts in mood successfully through a number of methods; playing on the readers senses and instincts is the most powerful, used throughout the entire chapter, this makes the reader take notice of what she is saying. The strong wording and alliteration is another successful method of conveying her message. The positive, longer sentences at the beginning and the shorter, increasingly negative tone of the later strong end stopped sentences, creates strong contrasting moods and tell us what is happening.

Censorship In Music Essays (861 words) - , Term Papers

Censorship In Music The first amendment to the Constitution contends that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of the press. In the past ten years especially, music has been under assault by law makers, prosecutors and critics of morality and taste. One attack on this freedom comes from parental advisory stickers. These stickers are used as a form of censorship against an artist and his or her lyrics. I feel that if a label will produce an album, there is no reason the consumer cannot decide for him or herself if lyrics contained in the album are found obscene or otherwise unsuitable. In order to begin the debate on whether or not parental advisory stickers serve as a form of censorship, one must consider what the word censor implies. The word censor defined by Webster dictionary means the power to suppress publications or excise any matter in them thought to be immoral, seditious or otherwise undesirables. The question of what constitutes proper language and obscenity has been greatly forced upon the music industry. The government oversteps the constitution in concluding on which lyrics are appropriate for children. Legislation on this topic has been in effect since the mid 1950's. Further legislation was not passed until 1985, when music labeling was voluntarily adopted by the Recording Industry of America. Later in 1990, although each company retained discretion regarding the labeling of specific records, the size, placement and wording of the logo were standardized. The current labeling consists of a black and white logo, fixed to the permanent packaging on th e bottom right hand corner. For all the controversy these stickers stir up, does it serve a practical use for protecting the young people of the nation. Parental advisory stickers, voluntary or mandatory, act as a form of censorship because the stickers effect the availability of a sound recording. More and more music stores are restricting the accessibility of works deemed to be offensive to one group of citizens or another. In 1992 it was announced that Ice T's song Cop Killer would not be in future albums, and that all existing albums would be recalled. Consequently, approximately 1,400 stores dropped the album. Many major retailers such as Woolworth's and K-mart will not purchase, and therefore not display, an album with any kind of parental advisory sticker on it. While it is true that legally these labels do not prohibit sales to anyone, the labels amount to an elegant form of censorship, elegant because it is censorship made to look like consumer information. (1) As controversial as records like Ice T and other artists who use either swears or sexually explicit material are, artistic pieces no matter what kink of message they send, or however unpopular they may be, are still protected by the first amendment to the constitution. The people who vote for and pass the laws prohibiting free speech are taking it upon themselves what they think is moral and right for the rest of the country. I feel I can make up my own mind about what type of music I listen to, how about you? One organization claiming to protect the children is the Parents Music Resource Center. At the center of the music labeling controversy, the P.M.R.C., feels that current levels of violence, racism, brutality towards women, drug and alcohol glamorization in music, lyrics, videos and stage shows need to be addressed through public discussion and debate. (2) The P.M.R.C. hopes to prohibit the sale of records to minors that contain lyrics about sex, drugs and alcohol, murder or suicide. If that were the case, even the bible may be labeled with a parental advisory sticker. With its descriptions about crucifications, stonings, and other primal methods of punishment. One must also take into consideration that no direct link between exposure to sexually explicit material and antisocial behavior or sexual violence has ever been established or proven.(3) Many organizations have been founded as a counter attack to the Parent's Music Resource Center. One group that works for freedom of expression call themselves, Parents of Rock and Rap. Members include students of all ages, parents, grandparents, college

How To Develop An Effective Content Marketing Promotion Strategy

How To Develop An Effective Content Marketing Promotion Strategy If you want the content marketing strategy for your business to be successful, you can’t rely on developing great content alone. No matter what your content goals are, you need traffic to your content to achieve them. This is where effective content promotion comes into play. In this post, were going to look at five steps you can follow to promote each piece of content you create and get the best possible results from your content. How To Develop An Effective #ContentMarketing Promotion Strategy @sujanpatel Step 1: Optimize Your Content For Search In the long run, if you optimize your content properly, search engines will likely be the best source of traffic for your content. You don't have to think about search engine optimization while you are creating your content. As a matter of fact, it's best if you don't think about SEO until after you have crafted a great piece of content with your visitors in mind. It's best if you don't think about #SEO until after you've crafted great #content. @sujanpatel How to easily optimize your content for a  keyword. Once you have finished creating your content, you will want to optimize it for one keyword phrase. To do this, you can use Google's free AdWords Keyword Planner. Add a few keywords or keyword phrases that best represent your piece of content. Google's Keyword Planner can help you optimize your content so people looking for your stuff can actually find it. Once you have found the best keyword phrase for your piece of content, you will want to make sure it is included in the title, meta description, first paragraph, last paragraph, and images. As an example, let's look at this post. We started with "How To Develop an Effective Content Promotion Strategy" as the title. After using the Google AdWords Keyword Planner, we revised it to "How To Develop an Effective Content Marketing Promotion Strategy", which includes content marketing strategy, as that has a higher search volume. Note that while it's good to have all of the words for the keyword phrase you target together (such as content marketing strategy), it's not required. Those who don't search for content marketing strategy in quotes will get anything with those three words in the title in their search results. Here's an example of the top competition for the content marketing strategy keyword with a Google search engine results page. In addition to adding content marketing strategy to the title, we added it into the other areas mentioned, including the filenames of all of the images in the post. This optimization should help this post rank well for content marketing strategy in search engines. Choose one keyword, use it in headings, titles, images, and first and last sentences. #SEOStep 2: Optimize  Your Content For Social Sharing There are three ways to optimize your content for social sharing. 1. Offer  social sharing buttons. The first is to make sure that each page on your website has social sharing buttons. You can add them to your website's template files using the official code provided by networks like Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. Or, for those using platforms such as WordPress, you can install plugins like Socialize or Flare.   2. Use awesome images. Next, you will want to have at least one great image per piece of content. When people share your content on social networks, most networks will pull a thumbnail image from your content to make it stand out in the news feed. If you don't add an image to your content, the shares of your content either won't have an image or will have an unrelated image from elsewhere on your website. 3. Implement open graph tags. Finally, you will want to implement open graph tags for your content. Open graph tags allow you to customize the way that your content is shared on social networks like Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest. For example, this code for Twitter... ...will allow tweets from the page it is implemented upon to look like this: You can find the code you need to implement open graph tags in the developer's support pages for Twitter Cards, Facebook Open Graph, and Pinterest Rich Pins. Or, for WordPress users, you can install plugins like JM Twitter Cards and Facebook for simpler open graph tag implementation. Step 3: Share Your Content With Your Social Media Audiences Don't just leave it up to your visitors to share your content on social media. 1. Promote  your content on multiple social networks. Your fans and followers connect with your social pages and profiles for a reason. Share your content with all of your social media audiences. It might sound like overkill at first, but keep in mind that you have different fans and followers on each network. If you just tweet your content, your Facebook and LinkedIn only audiences might miss it.

Listening, Learning and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Listening, Learning and Communication - Essay Example There is such a thing as ineffective communication, which instead of creating a fine relationship with others, it creates tension between people who are trying to create connection with their fellowmen. This is where communication roadblocks enter the discussion. These roadblocks are usually encountered because of the differences of each human individual. It could be noted that because of the differences of each person, the receiving and giving of message through words and action between people may not be that common enough to easily understand. Within the paragraphs that follow, the said twelve roadblocks shall be discussed clearly as based from the sensation, perception and attention practice that had been performed by the author of this paper. The roadblocks mentioned earlier could be identified to fall into three major divisions. These include judging, sending solutions, and avoiding other's concerns. These three divisions are then subdivided into few more 12 subsections. At some point, these destructive procedures of communication at times happen when two persons are in a discussion that is involving problems or personal troubles. Because of the tension that is usually built up due to the problem being talked about, the sense of right reasoning is usually lost because of the lack of understanding that exists due to the tension. To be able to understand everything, the twelve roadblocks should be discussed herein in a clearer pattern: Judging Criticizing This is the way by which a person intends to manipulate the thinking of the other person through questioning the attitudes of the other. Not only that, the situation usually aggravates the questioning of the attitude of the other towards the other person. Robert Bolton comments on the matter saying: "Many of us feel we need to be critical, or other people will never improve we make a negative evaluation of the other person, for his or her actions, or attitudes." (Burtis, 2005, 18) The attitude of man to even aggravate the situation being faced by the other because of some emotional attachment to the issue makes this particular roadblock an effective way of stopping or heating up a particular conversation. Name-calling At some point, when people get pissed off because of a heated conversation, they tend to course the other or at times they name-call the others with insulting titles that makes it hard for the other party of communication to understand clearly what is happening. The result then leads to a more aggravated heated conversation. Bolton further adds, "Name calling and labeling usually have negative overtones to both the sender and receiver. Labeling prevents us from getting to know ourselves and other individuals." (1999) Diagnosing At some point, when people argue over something, they become too much sensitive with how the other reacts upon a certain situation or how a person intends to talk back to them. The sensitiveness results to diagnosis of the reaction of the other and the way of speech that he or she uses within the conversation. Instead of simply listening to what the person says, reading between the lines becomes another way of decoding the bodily message of the person who is speaking. Another comment from Bolton reads: "We analyze

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms Assignment

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms - Assignment Example The major drivers of globalization according to Singer (2004) include social-demographic (regional, cultural), technological, which includes telecommunications, internet and transportation, economic factors like foreign direct investment, profit motives and market share, ecological and environmental factors like pollution and green laws, and political-legal factors like falling trade barriers, political stability and intellectual property. These factors have hence allowed not just the larger establishments such as the MNCs to look across borders but also the smaller entrepreneurs who capitalized on the resources and took advantage of the liberalization. Entrepreneurship has been defined in many ways by different authors and researchers. According to Stevenson, ‘entrepreneurship’ is â€Å"the process whereby individuals become aware of business ownership as an option or viable alternative, develop ideas for business, learn the process of becoming an entrepreneur and undertake the initiation and development of a business† (Chigunta, 2002). Opportunity Recognition (OR) is an important aspect of entrepreneurship (Silverthorne, 2005) and passionate vision distinguishes entrepreneurs from their competitive competitors (McIntyre, 1998). Entrepreneurs have a propensity to take risks and the need for achievement serves as the driving force (Koh, 1996). Hence an entrepreneur is one who is quick to identify an opportunity, take risks, one who is prepared for challenges and adversities and can achieve profits by utilizing the available resources.  

Satisfaction Motivation Hygiene

Satisfaction Motivation Hygiene True motivation comes from achievement, personal development, job satisfaction and recognition. This statement constitutes the core proposal of the important theorist we will be discussing. Frederick Herzberg was an important psychologist who became one of the most significant names in management on the 60s. His theories are still recognized as having been crucial to the development of the managerial sciences. The purpose of this paper is to analytically discuss the impact and consequences that his theories have had in the field of modern management. He is most recognized for his work on job enrichment and for his Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Frederick Herzberg was born on April, 19th of 1923 in Lynn, Massachusetts. Herzberg was a student at the City College of New York. He interrupted his studies midway to enlist in the army, returning to graduate in 1946. He died in Salt Lake City in early 2000. Witnessing a concentration camp in World War II, as well as talking with Germans he encountered during the War, were the catalysts he believed to be responsible for his interest in motivation. He expressed this interest in motivation by considering the factors that influence peoples behaviour in organisations. His Motivation-Hygiene Theory or Two Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction was published in 1959. The two factors influencing people according to his theory were: Satisfaction as a result of motivating factors such as: achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility, growth. Dissatisfaction as a result of hygiene factors including: pay and benefits, company policies, relationship with co-workers, the work environment, job security, employee status, supervision, company assets. (Herzberg, 1959) He deemed that motivating factors will improve satisfaction, but their impact on dissatisfaction will be insubstantial. (Herzberg, 1959) On the other hand, if hygiene factors are not present they will cause dissatisfaction, yet their presence does not significantly affect satisfaction in the long-term. Central to the interpretation of this theory will be the recognition of the existence of factors that truly motivate (motivating factors) and others that could lead to dissatisfaction (hygiene factors). Herzberg considered human needs on two levels: the animal instinct of avoiding pain, and the necessity of personal psychological development. Similarly, long ago, Maslow understood perfectly and endeavoured to instruct managerial principals that even today, many organisations have failed to institute. Herzbergs theory remains as relevant now as it was when it was first published. Excepting the fact that responsibility, justice, fairness and compassion are global standards in contemporary business. Apart from his main theories, it is important to understand that Herzbergs primary concern was the well-being of organisational workforces. He was determined to introduce more humanity and caring principals into the workplace. He focused on explaining how to manage people humanely, in the interest of their comfort. So the question we could pose is: How important are high wages for us to feel satisfied? Intriguingly, the answer will be that although people complain about their earnings constantly, surveys and research have proven that there are factors that have more motivational power than money when making decisions concerning the workplace. In surveys, the reasons that tend to top the list are lack of job stimuli and poor prospect of advancement. Herzberg believed that these motivators would generate positive work attitudes because they satisfy one of Maslows hierarchical needs: the need for self-actualization the ultimate human need (Maslow, 1954). However, the presence of these factors can cause satisfaction, yet when they are not present, it does not lead to dissatisfaction. By contrast, hygiene factors which simply cause temporary results, posses the power of creating great dissatisfaction, but lack of these factors in the workplace does not cause a large degree of satisfaction. For Herzberg, the opposite of satisfaction in the workplace will not be dissatisfaction, just simply lack of satisfaction. Likewise, the opposite of dissatisfaction in your job will not be satisfaction but no dissatisfaction. As a practical example of this assumption: if the college water were to stop running for a week, this would represent a work conditions hygiene factor, and it would give cause for our professors to feel very dissatisfied. However, since our professors are normally accustomed to the water running and working properly, it does not give them reason to feel particularly motivated or satisfied. In 1968, Herzberg presented a work called KITA (a polite acronym for â€Å"kick in the ass†), where he differentiated between motivational and movement factors (Herzberg, 1968) He classified KITA into three different possible types: Negative physical KITA Negative physiological KITA Positive KITA Certainly, in modern society, managers infrequently deal with their employees using negative KITA, which is the use of physical contact on a member of the staff to enforce work. Negative KITA is indeed fairly useless as a tool to motivate workers. Positive KITA conversely can be summarised in the word reward. It is the act of rewarding an action with bonuses or incentives. Although this is a common practice for modern managers, according to Herzberg, positive KITA is not motivational. Positive KITA will make movement much faster, encouraging the worker to perform at his best in a certain task. However, he considered that there were no facts to prove that the effects of this reward were going to have long-lasting results. He believed that individuals were not actually motivated to work harder after completing the task, as a consequence of a reward. He judged that the workers were merely temporarily moved, and hence their performance did not persist once the bonus was received. So he considered rewards to be a mere movement factor. Referring to the motivational factors previously cited in this essay, he concludes that only the achievement of these factors can create long-lasting satisfaction for the employees, and therefore a better work attitude. Additionally, when the workforce finds this stimulation internally in the workplace, they will perform more efficiently. Herzbergs theory has been criticized by the theorist, Locke. (Locke, E. 1976) He proposed alternate sources for the generation of job satisfaction. He believed the mind and the body to be inextricably related. And therefore, the objective should be to satisfy them both. As an example, he gives the biological need of hunger, and he specifies that an act like eating can serve not only to quell hunger pangs, but also as pleasure for the mind. Herzberg placed emphasis on the number of times a particular factor was cited in reaching his conclusions, believing that those more encountered on the lists were the most satisfying or dissatisfying factors. However, even if a dissatisfying factor was registered numerous times, it does not necessarily follow that this was a major problem or even that the employees found it more irritable than infrequent problems, which tend to create higher levels of dissatisfaction for them. Conversely, Locke suggests the prioritisation of intensity over frequency. He recognized that an employee could reach his maximum levels of intensity when either achieving or failing a task. (Locke, E. 1976) Analysing the statements in Herzbergs theories, it becomes clear that they are rather simplistic. One might easily imagine that what gives cause for motivation to one person, could well be the cause of dissatisfaction in someone else. For example, the enlargement of responsibilities can be a clear motivator for some people as they can thereby develop in their careers. At the same time, it can be dissatisfying for other people, especially if their wages are not proportionally linked to the responsibilities that they have assumed. It might be necessary to consider the reality that employees should not be seen as an homogeneous group, but as a compilation of individuals, of whom only a proportion will be motivated by any given factor. It will therefore be prudent upon every manager to take the time to try to determine the unique characteristics of each member of his workforce. Thus, will he comprehend what is necessary to gain the satisfaction of his employees. Although Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory, when analysed deeply, might seem somewhat incomplete or basic, it is impossible to disregard that it is given credence and has been studied from shortly after its initial publication up until the present day. Consequently, it can be affirmed that, even with its faults, there is a lot of truth in the theory, and that the different factors he cited are generally more likely to cause satisfaction/dissatisfaction to the workforce of an organisation. Undoubtedly, Frederick Herzbergs main contribution to modern management has been his recognition of the factors that could motivate or dissatisfy a workforce. It was through his ideas and research that we now know that people endeavour to get â€Å"hygiene needs† merely as a reaction of discomfort, caused when the factors to achieve those needs are absent. Then and now, unsuccessful organisations fail to understand that it its very difficult to truly motivate their staff by concentrating on meeting their hygiene needs. At the same time, people are truly motivated, and hence perform at their best, when the motivational factors are achieved (i.e.: personal growth, development, etc.) which come to differentiate themselves from the hygiene factors because of the self-fulfilment they create for individuals. In the analytical study of the details of Herzbergs theory, we might consider an actual example drawn from daily life. Lets take the example of someone who inherits a large amount of money from a relative, enabling that person to live a comfortable life thereafter. For some people, this will represent the opportunity of a lifetime, since they can stop working and start enjoying a pleasant lifestyle, making use of their new wealth. However, there will be other people who, though giving-up their old jobs, will take the opportunity to create their own business. According to Herzbergs theory (and not really questioned today), these people who begin working on perusing their own desires will be satisfied and truly motivated, regardless of the money which they make, or that which they have already. People achieve these kinds of goals when they are truly motivated by factors such as: personal growth, responsibility, attainment, etc. If we examine the situation, it appears most certain that these people are not solely motivated by mere monetary desires. Since the venture of creating a new business, especially when you do not need it, involves persistent effort and a considerable level of commitment. Following the logic that the project has no guarantee of success, it would be erroneous to believe that they were motivated by potential income alone. Without resting importance on the value of money, we would consider it highly probable that the life of the person who stopped working would become rather empty and monotone. And at the same time, if the person does not know what to do with their money, it could easily vanish. On the other hand, if someone takes the opportunity to do whatever he enjoys or is good at, it is likely that he is going to achieve success. So based on this example, we can opine that the money itself will not be a significant motivator. Also for us as students, Herzbergs theory provides a pattern for us to follow. We certainly need some sense of satisfaction in order to be interested and feel motivated in our studies. It is always fulfilling when professors (our managers technically) endeavour to implement factors which might encourage motivation (i.e. feedback, advice, etc.) In opposition, when our hygiene needs are not meet: (i.e. deteriorated classrooms, unusable computers, etc.) , it can be a great cause of dissatisfaction. However, when these factors are in order, it is not a cause for us to show appreciation. In conclusion, at first glance it might appear that Herzbergs theory is simple and rather incomplete. Yet all critics agree that his theory encompasses a number of facts that were ignored before Herzberg came into play. He discovered certain fundamental problems that needed to be addressed in order to maintain employee well-being in a company. Herzberg contributed tremendously to the understanding that managers could create an hygienically effective environment, and he provided them with the important factors that he considered to be fundamental to the pursuit of improvement in staff performance. Even though his theory is a general one, focusing as it does on the frequency rather than on the intensity of problems, it certainly provides an excellent guide for managers in their aim of discovering and setting standards in factors that, if present, would benefit their business. Obviously, as discussed earlier, each person or company will react differently to any given action or situation. For this reason, rather than applying Herzbergs theory textually, managers should dedicate some time to investigating and understanding the individual reasons that might motivate or could cause dissatisfaction to a member of their staff. Putting this strategy into practice, managers could easily identify the problems that might be affecting the staffs well-being, as well as directly make use of those factors which they reckon might improve employee performance. Following on from this idea, it should also be easy to satisfy the hygiene needs of their employees. In case of a shortcoming in these f actors, managers should work together with their staff to address and resolve these deficiencies. Equilibrium and well-being is best achieved through striving always for a constant balance when making our decisions. Hence, every person must evaluate their own individual reasons and fulfilment factors to give a meaning to their lives. Managers, in addition to finding these individual meanings, must in order to be successful, take-on the responsibility of establishing the best possible working circumstances, both for themselves and for their employees. Applying the basis of Herzbergs theory, certainly has the potential to create harmony, and hence a workforce motivated and satisfied with their jobs. It is highly probable that the output of the organisation will thereby be optimised as well. References Ajzen, I. Fishibein, M (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour, Pentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Hertzberg, Frederick (1959) The Motivation to Work, New York. Herzberg, F. (1987) ‘One More Time: How do you motivate your Employees? New York. Locke, E.A. (1970) ‘The supervision is a motivator, Washington DC Locke, E. A. (1975) ‘The nature and cost of job satisfaction Chicago, Illinois. Maslow, A.H (1954) ‘Motivation and Personality, Harper Row Publisher, New York, NY. www.businessball.com 04 Nov 16:30 www.mftrou.com â€Å"Management for the rest of us† 15 Nov 12:00 www.emeraldasight.com 26 Nov 14:30