The Most Overlooked Answer for Cause and Effect Requiring Employees to Work Overtime Essay Samples

The Most Overlooked Answer for Cause and Effect Requiring Employees to Work Overtime Essay Samples Recent graduates and new employees may get an advantage here, as they're starting fresh and don't need to overcome habits from the past. Thus, the researchers made an effort to study different facets which could cause conflicts between professional and individual domains of life among married women employees. It is unsafe for the nurses to be made to work overtime, when they're exhausted from just having completed their normal shift. If nurses understand they don't have the ability to present such care then they may decline to take part in care, but being mandated to work takes away their option to take into account their best interests on account of the institutions paternalistic strategy. Somebody who's high skilled but very low will (not inclined to work) will require a different strategy, exciting and supporting a low willed person is vital. Thus, Nepalese organizations want to formulate guidelines for the management of work-life conflicts because they are associated with job satisfaction and operation of the employees. A primary element which will influence the option of leadership style is the type of person you're addressing, based on the persons skills or how willing that man or woman is at doing work. While it's true that the nurses prime duty is to the patient, putting the nurses' in a situation that doesn't afford them any decision isn't fair. The usage of work experiences may change depending on the work history an employee or an applicant has. The extra-long hours that may raise health issues can also result in problems within the family. Work experiences will supply the info needed by the clients with respect to the jobs that you've already done and the business that you've been involved with. Some studies have proven that those who work over 60 hours weekly experience a 25% decline in the total productivity. The History of Cause and Effect Requiring Employees to Work Overtime Essay Samples Refuted The summary allows you to provide a fast and concise summary of your employment history. But if you didn't fulfill her expectations on a specific assignment you were chastised by her. Mandatory Overtime is a practice that isn't only unethical and unfair but in addition it takes away from the nurses the autonomy to create their own decisions. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Cause and Effect Requiring Employees to Work Overtime Essay Samples Reduced working hours are also thought to be one of the greatest measures to cut back unemployment in an economy. Whether you've got mandatory overtime or just several employees taking advantage of additional hours, you will shell out a good deal of time with your coworkers. So long as the employees are becoming paid time and half for the overtime worked, there are not any limits set. Firstly, working for extended hours on a normal basis stresses employees that are already under pressure to finish the tasks assigned to them. One of the advantages of working overtime is it enables you to earn money at a job you're already knowledgeable about. Excessive overtime could possibly be completely non-productive. In some cases, mandatory overtime is a must for a company to satisfy its financial and production objectives. In the event the mandatory overtime violates a contract, produces a security or health hazard, or isn't compensated with regard to state and federal law the overtime might be challenged. Independent contractors aren't considered employees and therefore aren't protected by the FLSA. Every company should be measuring output. Many companies are beginning to understand they will need to supply both open and closed work environments.

Toni Morrison s Sula Broken Minds A Psychological...

Jessica Gardiner ENGL 4020S Dr. Gould 2 October 2014 Essay 2: Toni Morrison, Sula Broken Minds: A Psychological Perspective of Toni Morrison’s Sula In Toni Morrison’s Sula, and in her other fictional novels, to understand and interpret the causation behind each character’s psychological mind, the reader must employ an African American critical theoretical method when analyzing the literature. African American critical theory requires both the knowledge of Black Psychology and Gender Psychology which also involves general knowledge regarding African American history. Analyzing an African American themed novel can sometimes be difficult for those whom are not of African decent and have not experienced diversity or prejudice, but one must envision a perspective of an individual of the documented race, class, and gender. Having knowledge of basic foundational African American history and culture allows for greater analyze and interpretation of mental instability versus normality of the Euro-American people for comparison purposes. To fully grasp t he meaning of Sula, the reader must acknowledge the differences in African American psyches versus Euro-American thought processes. In Sula, denial manifest itself in various forms, whether it be in regards to creating a new falsified, personal reality or suppressing memories to reduce the chance of a complete mental breakdown. In the narrative, Morrison includes examples of a traditional African American lifestyle, examples thatShow MoreRelatedstudy on toni morrison Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A Study On Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye Ying-Hua,Liao Introduction Toni Morrison was the winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. She is a prominent contemporary American writer devoted to the black literary and cultural movement. Her achievements and dedication to the promotion of black culture have established her distinguished status in American literature. Many critics applaud Toni Morrison’s artistic talent and contribution to American literature. Darwin T. Turner, for exampleRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pageshtm Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence †¨ Adrienne Rich    Adrienne Rich s essay constitutes a powerful challenge to some of our least examined sexual assumptions. Rich turns all the familiar arguments on their heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual force in the general feminist reorientation to sexual matters

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Answer: Introduction: Cognitive dissonance entails situations that involve conflicting attitudes, behaviors and beliefs. Such situation creates a sheer feeling of discomfort, which leads to a change in one of the attitudes, behaviors or beliefs to restore the balance by reducing the discomfort. One of the eminent social psychologist Leon Festinger developed the cognitive dissonance theory in 1957 (Wicklund and Brehm 2013). This theory is considered counterintuitive since it comes under the counterintuitive theories of social psychology. The theory implies that people in general have a tendency to hold their beliefs and attitudes to avoid the dissonance. It can be suggested from the theory that the powerful motive can control the cognitive consistency, which can lead to irrational or maladaptive behavior in person experiencing conflicts. The general understanding of the theory implies that the general behavior of a person can be controlled by the external factors leading to disharmony or the dissonance, re sulting the person to manage and maintain his reputation. Concept of the Theory: In the context of public relation, the cognitive theory of dissonance is applicable. Festinger suggests that any person is likely to build relationship or exposes himself to the sources that he thinks matches with his beliefs or perception. This is when the person experiences any contradiction or the inconsistency in his beliefs; he is likely to alter his attitude or the behavior towards the external source (Harmon-Jones and Harmon-Jones 2012). Precisely, the theory states that the people hold numerous cognitions and ideas about themselves and the outer world, which clashes sometimes and leads to eliminate the cause of dissonance, if unpleasant. As a result, people consciously or unconsciously alter the attitude and the behavior, in order to manage and maintain his reputation (Perlovsky, 2014). The basic concept of the cognitive dissonance theory in the public relation present the idea that the perception of the situation creating the dissonance in the mind of the people (Wicklund an d Brehm, 2013). For example, if a person is active smoker and sees an advertisement on the television he can react in two ways. In the first way, he can immediately quit smoking perceiving that smoking is bad and harmful for health. In other way, he can change her perception about smoking and continue to do the act. Practice of the Theory in PR: The practices of the cognitive dissonance theory can be seen on the public relation, mostly in the audience of the media and the newspapers. The readers of the newspapers are the perfect example of the cognitive dissonance theory based on the public relation (Vandenbosch and Eggermont 2012). The newspaper readers are generally decision maker regarding the news by reading the headline of the news. They are found to perceive the entire news only by reading the headline. Accordingly, they decides and read the news. The marketing strategies of business to some extent are based on the public relation theories. The general tendency of the people is resisting changing. It is difficult to the public relation and the marketing executives to influence about any new ideas, the product, or the service, since people initially decide the fact or the result out of the cognitive intuition (Gregory 2015). One of the major practices of the cognitive dissonance theory can be seen in the stakeholders management in any business. Conflicts can occur among the internal stakeholders regarding various issues. While working with the different teams there can be conflicts of the ideas or the opinions around anything. Different stakeholders are found to have different beliefs and that can create contradictions in the opinion among them (De Nooy 2013). There are many other examples of cognitive dissonance that can be seen in the work place in terms of functions, personal and organizational values, training, norms and leadership. For example, the personal values in the context of making any decisions for the business can be important to any employee of the organization, which can be different from the senior decision maker of the organization (Matteson and Miller 2012). In other hand, the cognitive dissonance can gives birth to stress or tensions in the mind of the people, when he is forced to use values, ethics or the beliefs that he does not consider his own. It not only creates the disharmony of the situation in the mind of the particular parson, but also creates a sense of chronic dissatisfaction in him. High staff turnover is another context where the cognitive dissonance can be found (Claeys and Cauberghe 2015). Many staffs are found to leave the organization due to the disagreement of the authority. The organization too sometimes is found to fire their employees in order to manage the contemporary reputation of the company (Bundy, Shropshire and Buchholtz 2013). Issues: The issues of the cognitive dissonance theory are based on the different individuals that seek for a level of consistency in their cognitions (Halmos 2013). The inconsistency level that has invested changes that eventually helps to eliminate the cognitive dissonance in an individual. The Cognitive dissonance is found in a workplace that helps an individual to reduce the risk management and human resources in an organization. Eventually in this function, the people are exposed towards coercing and tolerating the different tasks that are related to execution in the level of the deep conflicts. The senses includes training, ethics and different personal values that are of internal fundamental importance that emphasizes more on the primary factors that will be helpful in their career path. There is a need to be healthy and maintain different safety measures in the human parametric (Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg 2012). Conflicting the various differences helps in fulfilling the different pr actice levels. Several project advisors and safety measurers manage to ensure the different incidental investigation in the workplace environment. The best case can be seen in most of the workplaces where the people are suffering from this type of traumatic situations. The internal beliefs and the values are considered to be reductive in case of the different internal values and their beliefs. Some of the residual stress has been considered as an amount of time that helps to change in the beliefs that are incomplete and has some external factors that are incomplete of their beliefs (Robinson, Shaver and Wrightsman 2013). The residual stress is not considered for time and is often opposed by the internal voluntary realizations that also have the quality of adaptation in the personal level of overarching in the view of the world (Grunig and Hung-Baesecke 2015). There may be several reasons for this percentage of work that is the normalization, in the emotional trading and the positional obedience that are all justified. There is a level of internal justification of the different methods that will be useful in order to improve the mental health of the organization. There is a reason for a powerful decision that will help in the life choices in the workplace that may be logical and might be analysed as well as evaluated in the logical world. It seems to take the earliest possible time that might have an option to bring a short lasting belief in it. the personnel impositions will eventually be of positional authority that will be aware of all the styles and the approaches of the leadership(Newman and Newman 2017). Impact of PR on contemporary reputational management: Reputational management is one of those that help one on a general notion that may be with respect or much admiration that might have something to receive and is based on the different characteristics of the past. One of the greatest philosophies is the public relations in case of the reputational management. It has a significant impact on the perceptions and the images that has to be superficial and needs to be without any substance. There rise of the management of the reputation has helped to make the professionals that includes the PR professionals to make them forced to the different ethical choices (Kumar and Varaiya 2015). Reputation needs to be handled with care and requires the help of the different management. The affected operations of the organization have eventually helped to raise the quality of the services and the products with respects to the public. There is a need for strong implementation of the reputational case of the planned and the developed that has a great awareness of the environment(Neill 2017). There is a need to answer in both ethical and positive manner in order to sustain in their manner. A good reputation is based on the different organizational structure that may eventually help in the different times or in the mere crisis time. A poor reputation is bound to make a downfall in the organizational brand image (Cardwell, Williams and Pyle 2017). Other contemporary approaches: The public relations are regarded as the key important factor that will help in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of a company. The other contemporary approaches are Rhetorical theory that is based on the effectiveness and the persuasion of the writing and the speaking (Boyce 2014). The examination on the different methods has eventually included the languages and the signs outlook. The practitioner often uses different eyes on the public to make them realize what is going in and in where. There are different types of it as well that is the pathos and the ethos. The public relations will help to save an organizational reputation and they will fight any other attack on its brand image (Zheltukhina 2015). They are regarded as the guards of a company that has their main responsibility to maintain the reputation and the outlook of the company. Various approaches that may be explained and analyzed well on the group of people that will help them to achieve the different results in an organization. The practitioner helps in the persuation of the different management and opinion in the behaviors of the customers (Willemsen, Neijens and Bronner 2013). There is a need to identify the different contemporary aspects of the Public relations so that they employ more of the recommendations and make a better future in the world of the Public relations. It can be said that the public relations is primarily based on the aspects of the branding and image of an organization and to improve the qualities of the public relations will help them. New ways of improvement will be applied in this case (Wicklund and Brehm 2013). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded from the above discourse that the theory of cognitive dissonance in the public relation is not only apparent but also the finest example of the disharmony in the mind of the person. The emotional aspect as well as the attitudes of a person depends on the external factor, which sometimes clashes with the beliefs of the person. Either as a result, the perception of the person becomes strong or alteration happens. In the context of the managing organization reputation in the public relation, the cognitive dissonance is one of the major factors that are responsible for influencing the image of the organization towards the public relation. The study presents the recommendations to the organization for keeping the eye on the public relation to avoid the conflicts arising from the cognitive disharmony in the workplace. References: Boyce, P.R., 2014.Human factors in lighting. Crc Press. Bundy, J., Shropshire, C. and Buchholtz, A.K., 2013. Strategic cognition and issue salience: Toward an explanation of firm responsiveness to stakeholder concerns.Academy of Management Review,38(3), pp.352-376. Cardwell, L.A., Williams, S. and Pyle, A., 2017. Corporate public relations dynamics: Internal vs. external stakeholders and the role of the practitioner.Public Relations Review,43(1), pp.152-162. Claeys, A.S. and Cauberghe, V., 2015. The role of a favorable pre-crisis reputation in protecting organizations during crises.Public Relations Review,41(1), pp.64-71. De Nooy, W., 2013. Communication in natural resource management: agreement between and disagreement within stakeholder groups.Ecology and Society,18(2). Gregory, A., 2015.Planning and managing public relations campaigns: A strategic approach. Kogan Page Publishers. Grunig, J.E. and Hung-Baesecke, C.J.F., 2015. THE EFFECT OF RELATIONSHIPS ON REPUTATION AND REPUTATION ON RELATIONSHIPS.Public Relations as Relationship Management: A Relational Approach to the Study and Practice of Public Relations, p.63. Halmos, P.R., 2013.Measure theory(Vol. 18). Springer. Harmon-Jones, E. and Harmon-Jones, C., 2012. Cognitive dissonance theory.Handbook of motivation science,71. Kumar, P.R. and Varaiya, P., 2015.Stochastic systems: Estimation, identification, and adaptive control. Society for industrial and applied mathematics. Matteson, M.L. and Miller, S.S., 2012. Emotional labor in librarianship: A research agenda.Library Information Science Research,34(3), pp.176-183. Neill, M.S., 2017. Ethics education in public relations: Differences between stand-alone ethics courses and an integrated approach.Journal of Media Ethics,32(2), pp.118-131. Newman, B.M. and Newman, P.R., 2017.Development through life: A psychosocial approach. Cengage Learning. Newsom, D., Turk, J. and Kruckeberg, D., 2012.Cengage Advantage Books: This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations. Cengage Learning. Perlovsky, L., 2014. Aesthetic emotions, what are their cognitive functions?.Frontiers in Psychology,5. Robinson, J.P., Shaver, P.R. and Wrightsman, L.S. eds., 2013.Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes: Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes(Vol. 1). Academic Press. Vandenbosch, L. and Eggermont, S., 2012. Understanding sexual objectification: A comprehensive approach toward media exposure and girls' internalization of beauty ideals, self?objectification, and body surveillance.Journal of Communication,62(5), pp.869-887. Wicklund, R.A. and Brehm, J.W., 2013.Perspectives on cognitive dissonance. Psychology Press. Willemsen, L., Neijens, P.C. and Bronner, F.A., 2013. Webcare as customer relationship and reputation management? Motives for negative electronic word of mouth and their effect on webcare receptiveness. InAdvances in Advertising Research (Vol. IV)(pp. 55-69). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Zheltukhina, M.R., 2015. Institutional, Stereotypical and Mythological Media Markers of Modern Society.Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia,12(1), pp.913-920.

Sumerian Views Of Death Essays - Epic Of Gilgamesh, Flood Myths

Sumerian Views Of Death Civilization is defined as ?a state that binds people together to transcend tides of family, clan, tribe, and village.? (Woolf, H.B., 1974, p.141) By using this definition, one can compare and contrast the many different traits that the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations had. Both The Epic of Gilgamesh and the three Egyptian funerary documents are very good examples of written documents that show these two differences in civilization. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a long narrative poem which shows the many trials set before a young hero. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.8) This epic was discovered on twelve clay tablets in the remains of a library dated back to the seventeenth century before Christ. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.8) Within this epic, the reader will get an idea of how the Sumerians lived and communicated within their community. Similarly, the Egyptian traits of civilization can be explained when the Coffin Texts are analyzed. The three funerary documents, which will be discussed later, were found written inside wooden coffins of people could who afford expensive funerals. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.18) Many of these writing concentrated on death and disaster, and the miseries and fears that are associated with it. These three writings are also very helpful by giving the reader a very descriptive overview of how the Egyptian civilization worked. Although these four documents were written in different locations, they show many similarities and differences in traits of civilization, and thoughts on the afterlife. The Epic of Gilgamesh is known as one of the greatest works of literature from the time of the Mesopotamian Era. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.8) The hero, Gilgamesh, was the ruler of the city-state Uruk from 2700 to 2500 B.C. He was also very well known for his building of massive walls and temples. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.8) His epic follows the basic theme of the humans struggle with immortality. Although Gligamesh is known as being ?two-thirds a god and one-third human?, he must face death someday. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.8) As the epic begins, it is clear that the people of Uruk are distressed at the fact that Gilgamesh is not yet aware of his duties as king. Enkidu is sent down from the heavens in response to the people's cries for help. When Enkidu and Gilgamesh fight in a contest of strength and fighting skill, Gilgamesh wins, and the two heroes unite and set out on a series of adventures. In the midst of their adventures, Ishtar states tha t a life is owed because of an insult said towards him. Enkidu is chosen to die, and he is going to be brought to his fate. Within his time of waiting, he tells Gilgamesh of a vision he had of ?the land on no return?. Within this story, the reader is presented with many different facts of how the Sumerians viewed the afterlife. It will become quite evident that the Egyptians view of the afterlife was fairly similar, but in some way was considerably different. The Coffin Texts were the Egyptians equivalence to the Sumerians epics, because they also give a very distinctive explanation of how their people viewed the afterlife. These Coffin Texts were modeled from the earlier Pyramid Texts, which included many details about the many dangers of earth. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.18) This writing also included the many feelings that the Egyptians had on the topic of the terrors of death. The Coffin Text is yet another short piece of work that is written in a two-part speech. In this writing, the sun god and the deceased speak upon the topics of good deeds and eternal life. Similarly, ?Negative Confession? is taken from The Book of the Dead, and contains writing upon the topic of death. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.19) In this story, the deceased proclaims his purity to forty-two minor deities, who are set to judge the deceased's fittingness to become an eternally blessed spirit. (Andrea, A.; Overfield, J.H., 1998, p.19) These three examples of writings from the Egyptians are very descriptive, and serve as a basis of explanation of death. When comparing the similarities of these four writings,

Apa Crossword Puzzle Essays

Apa Crossword Puzzle Essays Apa Crossword Puzzle Essay Apa Crossword Puzzle Essay Does It really have to be that detailed and long to explain one simple word? When did education actually begun or developed? Some of you may say what do you mean by that? Well, every day, every hour, every minute and every second we are learning. It can be from knowing how to open your eyes for the first time. It could be the knowledge of how to cook for the first time. Or even down to knowing how to change the television channel. Education Is all around us. But some people are either not taking advantage of It or Just dont have the opportunity to receive It. Statistics showed that over the sat 20th century, people are more likely to graduate from high school more than the past generation before. The way the economy is changing; having education is one of the top requirements in order to receive a chance for a Job. Most high end Jobs will require you to have a college educated level. Its funny how our youth today are graduating more from college, but at the same time our youth Is falling or dropping out of high school Is Increasing. Why are the static that way? What Is Interfering with our youth that is causing them to lose the chance of a lifetime? We need to in courage our youth to achieve and make a better life for themselves. Education can be explained in so many ways, that I sometime catch myself off track! Education has affected our poverty. Thats right; education can affect poverty but how? The home background of individuals Is one of the most Important factors that contribute to the educational outcomes. In some countries education Is not that important or accessible. Some households or countries cannot afford it financially. The higher the costs of schools are the less it is available to the poor. The more rope outs the more we have children and adults either on the street or in Jail. Statistics show that the average drop is the lack of funds in the household. What is there for a child to do without an educational background? There arena that many sass out tenure Tanat would accept anyone walkout a college degree, let alone a Nell school diploma. So, therefore they are selling drugs or in Jail. Just two years ago in Washington, DC, 18,200 students dropped out in the metropolitan area for the Class 2008. In Philadelphia, PA, an estimate of 16,400 dropped out of school for the Class 2008. Alliance for Excellent Education. (2010, January 12). Now if those numbers were reduced Just in half, there would be an increase in a lot of things. There would be more sales for consumer products, cars, and houses. More things would be bought because people are getting Jobs and making money. They are receiving these Jobs due to them having an educational background. When having a higher level of education it can be beneficent for you, your family and your pockets. For an example: a person with an executive Job will bring in more income than a person working as a garbage pickup person. Thats because the person with the executive Job has a higher educational background. This person is able to bring in more income, which allows them to sit back and enjoy the fruits of labor they say! Now, please tell me you would love to do that one of these days? You could if you were able to afford the education. In our grandparents generation, that chance to receive that education were very low. But today our odds are high but yet there arent that many people taking advantage of that opportunity. You should want to better yourself. Be able to buy a nice car or house before your lifetime.

Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology

Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology The Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) is used to protect soldiers from chemical, biological, radioactive and other weapons and fallout. It is used with the Chemical Protective Mask for fully protect the body. JSLIST was developed by all four Defense services to provide a common protective suit. The suit includes the suit, overboots and gloves. JSLIST was developed to reduce heat build-up, allow for long wear, be washable and work with masks and other protective gear. The front of the suit opens and is designed to be worn over the soldiers uniform. JSLIST includes a hood, suspenders, high-waist pants and waist length jacket. Zippers have Velcro fastening covers to seal the zipper openings. The left sleeve has a pocket with flap for storage. The JSLIST suit liner has charcoal infused in the material to absorb chemical agents. The charcoal is high-tech activated carbon spheres making the suit lighter and less bulky. The fabric is designed to allow for movement of air and perspiration for added comfort. The overboots have buckles and go over the soldier’s boots. They are designed to protect the feet from contamination as well as water, snow, oil, mud and they are even flame resistant. JSLIST weighs less than six pounds and is available in wood or desert camouflage patterns. In uncontaminated areas the suit can be worn for up to 120 days if not washed. It can be worn for up to 24 hours in contaminated areas. JSLIST costs about $250 each. It can be stored up to 10 years and can be washed up to 6 times. Over 1.5 million suits have been produced to date. JSLIST first entered service in 1997. JSLIST comes in 11 sizes. Manufacturer’s Group Home Foundation in Belfast, ME Creative Apparel in Belfast, ME South Eastern Kentucky Rehabilitation Industries in Corbin, KY Peckham Vocational Industries in Lansing, MI

Identify the spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation evident in Essay

Identify the spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation evident in the ending of Frankenstein & its significance in the work as a whole - Essay Example I sickened as I read. ‘Hateful day when I received life’†! (126) Monster is the creation of human arrogance. A scientist, with his discovery, interferes in the work of God. He doesn’t realize how weak the human shoulders are to own this heavy responsibility. When humankind begins to utilize the freedom of thought and action graced by God improperly, tragic consequences are bound to happen. The scientist wishes to escape the responsibility to nurse the monster and it has no option but to turn destructive. Monster’s obsession is fully realized in the last chapter. Upon the death of Frankenstein, the monster exclaims, â€Å"That is also my victim! In his murder my crimes are consummated; the miserable series of my being is wound to its close† (211). The cycle or revenge and death have merged into eternity. The monster is now in a position to act as per its free will, even in choosing death. It has gained freedom of action. By birth, the monster is as innocent as any child. The moral dilemma in the story is on two counts. After i nterfering in the function of God, by creating the monster, Victor walks away from his responsibility of looking after it. Once the monster stands alive in front of him, insecurity seizes him and he runs for his life. Not caring for one’s offspring is a serious moral lapse. The encounters of the monster with the humankind end in chaos and frustration. Having denied love by its creator, it looks for solace elsewhere, only to be disappointed at every stage. This un-fructified love proves to be twice-cursed! By evading the monster and running to save his own life, Frankenstein ruins his life as well as that of the monster. The uncared for and neglected monster seeks revenge. This is the moral issue. The nature of the Gothic novel is, there should be a transgressor, and in the end, one should pay for the act of transgression. Victor pays for his

A problem in the career field- Finance Assignment

A problem in the career field- Finance - Assignment Example arguments that oppose the practice and support the practice in order to provide a well-balanced analysis of whether the activity should be allowed to continue in contemporary finance. The article suggests that this activity potentially gives some investors an unfair advantage which disrupts the efficiency of a free market economy. On the other hand, there are other proponents of insider trading that suggest the practice enhances entrepreneurial innovation and creativity. Ma & Huey-Lian suggest that the reason for this conflict is that there is no solid definition of what actually constitutes insider trading activities, which leads to irrational judgments that the practice is unethical. In an attempt to rectify this confusion, the authors provide a rational definition to assist the reader in determining whether we should still, today, consider the practice unethical and immoral. The authors of this article point out that it is common practice for investors to buy large quantities of a company’s stock in order to gain control over voting rights and corporate decision-making. It is common, in the future, for buyers of common stock to sell these securities as a means of diversifying one’s personal financial portfolio. Ma & Huey-Lian offer that there is nothing unethical or immoral about this practice since it is a widely-accepted practice in the investment world. Whether or not the investor bought the stock based on their own evaluations and perceptions or through insider-generated knowledge would then seem to be irrelevant in determining the morality of the activity. The investor would still own majority stock in the company, which gives them control, and always have the right to sell these products when they are no longer satisfied the investment is conducive to their financial needs. In concluding remarks, the main point of this article is to highlight that ethics are not universally-endorsed. The authors make a special point to highlight that before society

Expansion Essay Essay Example for Free

Expansion Essay Essay There were two presidents that did a great deal for our country in the area of expansion. These two presidents are Thomas Jefferson and James K. Polk. Though they had completely different policies on expansion and foreign affairs, both of them vastly expanded the country. Jefferson was a believer in the Monroe Doctrine which basically said we will mind our own busi ness. He was also a very firm believer in a strict interpretation of the constitution. He did not look to vastly expand our country and when the opportunity presented itself he had a hard time making the right decision. The United States was surrounded by European owned areas: England had Canada, Spain had Florida, and France had Louisiana. Fearing a possible war Jefferson strengthened the army especially by Louisiana. This act scared Napoleon, he was in a war with England and didnt even need the Louisiana Territory, so fearing a war with the U.S. and needing money for his war with England he offered to sell the whole Louisi ana Territory to us for very cheap. Jefferson not sure if the constitution justified the act of making this purchase struggled with the decision. He decided he didnt have much of a choice and accepted Napoleons offer. On the other hand, James K. Polk was a firm believer in Manifest Destiny, which was the belief that the United States was predestined to control all of North America. When Polk ran in the 1844 election his campaign slogan was 54-40 or fight. Though he never got that boundary he did get a lot more in different parts of the country. After Texas revolted from Mexico Polk was easy to convince that the U.S. should step in and take Texas from Mexico. Though he wanted Texas he felt that the greatest prize would be California. After Mexico repeatedly declined Polks offers to buy Mexico and California Polk sent an army to the Rio Grande. This action led to the Mexican War. Polk pushed and pushed for Texas and California which after thirteen thousand American lives and fifty thousand Mexican lives were lost he got his land. Both of these presidents expanded the area of our country a tremendously. Jeffersons policies on expansion kept us out of war and doubled the size of our country with great land that would be much needed in coming years. Polk didnt keep us out of war but he got us a lot. He gained the United States half a million acres of prime land. Texas was an excellent producer of cotton and other crops, while Califor nia was abundant in gold causing the gold rush where thousands of men would head west to California in search of gold. Though Polk and Jefferson had almost opposite policies, in the area of expansion, they both ac quired much land for the United States. Jefferson, the believer in the Monroe Doctrine, and Polk the believer in Manifest Destiny, probably would not have agreed with each other but both did a lot of good for our country.

Revival of the Irish Culture Essay -- Essays Papers

Revival of the Irish Culture People of Irish decent share a pride in their national heritage perhaps unlike any other culture today. Many Irish homes are decorated with clovers, flags, and other Gaelic symbols even today. This enthusiasm for Irish culture has not always been around. In fact, this source of pride can be traced back to one cultural revival movement in Ireland during the 1800’s. During this time, the people of Ireland formed the Gaelic League to unify their country, and to give themselves a national identity of where they came from. Due to the persecution of the Catholic Church, the Great Potato Famine, and many forms of persecution from the British, Ireland needed a way to remember their rich cultural history. Many factors go into making a country transform into a nation. Eoin MacNeill, the first president of the Gaelic League, believed in this full heartedly. He believed that it took much more then simply political sovereignty to unify a country into a nation (Hachey and Hernon Jr. and McCaffrey 140). MacNeill knew that in order for Ireland to unify, they were going to need to have a rich cultural history. His solution to this lack of culture was the Gaelic League. MacNeill urged the people of Ireland to be proud of not only their language, but their art, literature, sports, and dance. Almost immediately the people of Ireland took to this new sense of cultural nationalism. The Irish began to believe that their language was not merely a way to communicate, but a way of cultural values and a way of life (Hachey and Hernon Jr. and McCaffrey 140). People from the urban middle class, who previously knew nothing of the Gaelic history, began joining the league in massive amounts of numbe rs. Soon, many... ...nal heritage. Although many argue that no other Irish cultural movements succeeded during this time period, the Gaelic League perhaps did enough for all of them. Today Irish are proud of who they were, and what they have become. Works Cited Castle, Gregory. Modernism and the Celtic Revival. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001. Hachey, Thamas E., Joseph M. Hernon Jr., and Lawrence J. McCaffrey. The Irish Experience. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1989. Hepburn, A.C.. â€Å"Language, Religion and National Identity in Ireland since 1880.† Perspectives on European Politics & Society 02.2 (2001) Academic Search Premier Miller, David W. â€Å"Irish Catholicism and the Great Famine.† Journal of Social History 09.1 (Fall 1975) Academic Search Premier.

Cultural Influences on Social Cognition and Behavior Essay

There was once a time when I met a Filipino family in the park. The most famous hospitality of Filipinos was showed to me. They have invited me to join them for snacks — something that a typical American would not do even to fellow American. However, these people became friendly to me even though they know that I am not among their own race. I was able to identify with them because I have experienced the real essence of having a family, something I am not seeing in most American families. With that encounter, they have thought me to also be concern with other people. More than that, they have showed me that we can unite amid cultural differences and that we can trust people even at the first meeting; and through that we can have connections. I found this influences to easy come to my senses and being because I have been observing families in my own community and I have not found anyone or family as hospitable as them. That is because I was able to identify with them. I was vulnerable because it was my first time to experience such hospitability from other people who possess different culture other than what I have been practicing. Americans have become very individualistic and have failed to show such culture to other people even in our own kind. I was able to process my thoughts and feelings in terms of dealing with other cultures because I have experienced another culture first hand, more than what I can read from books and periodicals. What I have experienced and learned through the encounter is definitely a positive influence. Because their culture has encouraged me to learn more about other cultures and practices of other people and they have helped me understand the differences of cultures. Reference Huitt, W. (2006). Social cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http://chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/soccog/soccog. html.

Internal Control Essay

1. Inform the President of any new internal control requirements if the company decides to go public.  As per the accident that happened in the company about some employees was viewing pornography on company computer and he had a hard time to get his employees admitted that they were the one who doing it. He should use limit access by individual passwords for each person to log in the computer systems. To make sure that which person was log on in the computer and do bad thing during that period. 2. Advise the President of what the company is doing right (they are doing some things well) and also recommend to the President whether or not they should buy the indelible ink machine. When your advice the President, please be sure to reference the applicable internal control principle that applies. From the passage that the accountant has recently started using prenumbered invoices following by the principle of internet control activities. Please find the Documentation Procedures passage below. From the passage, the president wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. In my opinion, I would like to recommend that he should buy an indelible ink machine following by the principle of internal control activities. Please find the Physical Controls passage below. Principles of internal control activities Documentation Procedures Companies should establish procures for documents. First, whenever possible, companies should use prenumbered documents, and all documents should be account for. Prenumbering helps to prevent a transaction from being recorded more than once, or conversely, from not bring recorded at all. Second, the control system shown that employees should promptly forward source documents for accounting entries to the accounting entries to the accounting  department. This control measure helps to ensure timely recording of the transaction and contributes directly to the accuracy and reliability of the accounting record. Require use prenumbered checks and account for them in sequence; each check must have an approved invoice; require employees to use corporate credit cards for reimbursable expenses; stamp invoices â€Å"paid†. Physical Controls Store blank checks in safes, with limited access; print check amounts by machine in indelible ink. 3. Advise the President of what the company is doing wrong (they are definitely doing some things poorly). Please be sure to include the internal control principle that is being violated along with a recommendation for improvement. Following from the passage that they have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also recieves the checks and completes the monthly bank recommendation. The accountant is so busy that the company handels pretty cash a bit differently. He should asign duties to more than one person not only one because it hard for one person to control and serves as treasurer and controller in the same time. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please find Segregation of Duties and Establishment of Responsibility passage below. From the following passage that all employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. In my opinion, he should limit access to the petty cash in a desk drawer, only one person could have responsible for the petty cash. Following by Principles of internal control activities. Please see the Establishment of Responsibility passage below. Principles of internal control activities Segregation of Duties Different individuals approve and make payments; check singers do not record disbursements Segregation of duties is indispensable in an internal control system. There are two common applications of this principle: 1. Different individuals should be responsible for related activities. 2. The responsibility for record-keeping for an asset should be separate from the physical custody of that asset. The rational for segregation of duties is this: The work of one employee should, without a duplication of effort, provide a reliable basis for evaluating the work of another employee. Segregation of related activities making one individual responsible for related activities increases the potential for errors and irregularities. Establishment of Responsibility An essential principle of international control is to assign responsibility to specific employees. Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for given task. Establishing responsibility often requires limiting access only to authorized personnel, and then identifying those personnel. Only designated personnel are authorized to sign checks (treasurer) and approve vendors. Compare checks to invoices; reconcile bank statement monthly

How to Bounce Back When You Make a Mistake at Work

How to Bounce Back When You Make a Mistake at Work The reply-all with a snarky comment, when you meant to forward to a trusted friend. The dropped ball that caused you to miss a major deadline.The â€Å"I’m disappointed in you† talk from your boss.So you’ve made a major mistake at work. Or you’ve gotten a poor review, or maybe you just feel like you’re coasting along, performing way below your ability. Whatever the reason, you feel like you’re just barely holding on. What can you  do when you make a mistake at work?At some point in their career, everyone has a stumbling point. Sometimes mistakes happen due to being overwhelmed, making an oversight, or having a moment of carelessness. It happens to everyone, even the most conscientious employee. So when something happens and you feel like you’re sitting in the corner of shame, remember that you’re not the only one. Even the people who are angry with you have been there (or will be) at some point, so try not to take it too perso nally.The Aftermath of your GaffeAfter a mistake, it can feel like you’re stuck in a kind of purgatory. Am I going to get fired? Have I totally ruined my reputation? And everything, every little bobble or mistake, feels magnified. It’s important not to get stuck under this tidal wave of stress and worry. Once you’ve made a mistake, or been called out for poor performance, the most important thing is to step up.Apologize/acknowledge what happened.You don’t need to wear a sandwich board saying, â€Å"I screwed up,† but letting your boss (and anyone affected by the mistake) know that you understand how you failed is key. If you messed up, a simple â€Å"I’m sorry† goes a long way here, just like it does in all aspects of life. And FYI: â€Å"I’m sorry you feel that way† is not a legit apology here.Own itAccept responsibility for what happened. Resist the urge to throw anyone under the bus here; it won’t lessen your o wn consequences, and will just cause further issues and bad blood. That’s not to say you should take all blame; rather, if it’s a shared mistake or problem, be clear about your part in the mistake, and take your share of the blame. Naming names, or the kindergarten classic â€Å"but he was doing it too!† won’t get you any brownie points right now.Show that it won’t happen againIf it was a lapse on your part, let people know that you’re taking action to make sure it doesn’t happen again. If it was a process that failed, show how you’re changing things so that there’s not a repeat.Look for small winsUnfairly or not, you’re likely going to be under increased scrutiny for some period of time, while things are still recent and raw. In addition to making sure the blunder isn’t repeated, it couldn’t hurt to be an A+ employee for a while: show up early, stay late, put in extra hours to show that you’r e back on it. Take on extra projects to demonstrate your commitment to the job. It’s about rebuilding others’ confidence in you, sure, but it’s just as much about rebuilding your own confidence. Succeeding at things, even small ones, can help you get back into your groove while showing everyone else that you’re ready to move onward and upward.Move onIf it’s not a fatal (e.g. firing) mistake (more on that in a bit), this too shall pass. Odds are, things will get back to normal pretty quickly. And while you can’t erase what happened, or make everyone forget what you did, everyone has a job to do. This incident will get lost in the shuffle of everyday work. You might have a rough few weeks, but at some point you’ll notice that things have gotten back to the routine.Ask Yourself: Why Did This Happen?Once you’ve got the problem in hand and have started your apology tour, you have some space to think more about why this happened. Som etimes mistakes just come out of the blue, in a moment of inattention or poor decision-making. Other times they’re part of a pattern of carelessness, or a lack of caring about the job. So after you’ve started the damage control process, it’s time to figure out why you’re in this situation in the first place.Did I make this mistake/perform poorly because I don’t care about this job anymore?Did I make this mistake/perform poorly because I’m overwhelmed by my job, and need to make adjustments?Did this happen because I don’t have the right skill set, or need to know more about how things work?If you made the mistake or got a poor performance review because you’re just not into your jobIt might be time to get out. It’s not ideal to quit straightaway- it’s much better to start exploring your options and opportunities before you jump ship. But if you’re already performing at a lower level because you’re unh appy or disinterested, that’s a major red flag.If the performance issue was due to you being overwhelmed by your jobTalk to your boss. ASAP. It’s time for a very frank discussion about your priorities, your tasks, and your role. If things don’t change and performance continues to slide, that will be on you, and it will make things even more uncomfortable. Your boss has a strong interest in making sure you perform your best and stay a satisfied employee, so don’t fear the conversation. It might be possible to restructure your daily tasks, or find new ways to do them, so that you’re able to do your job at the level you know you can hit.If the mistakes are happening because you don’t have the right skill setYou need to figure out what you’re lacking, and strategize how to either a) get those skills and knowledge; or b) share responsibilities in a way that works for you and your team. It may be that this is something you can handle on you r own (for example, getting trained on a particular kind of software, or taking online seminars about time management). But it may well be that you need help from someone else in your company, and that’s okay. If you need to sit down with someone to understand processes or tasks, do it. If you need help from your boss prioritizing, ask for it. This goes back to showing that you’ve learned from past mistakes, and are trying to get stronger.What If I’m Fired As a Result?Some mistakes, well, sorry to say that you can’t bounce back so easily and keep your job. Say there was a major money loss, or you happened to do something that was considered unforgiveable by the powers that be. If this turns out to be the case, and you’re let go for cause, your career is not over. Remember before, when I mentioned that you have to work hard to prove yourself and move on? That’s doubly true if you’re fired- and you have to cope with that while also look ing for a new job. So it’s not an easy road, but also not impossible.If you lose your job because of performance issues, you still have options:1. Don’t put off your job search.It can be tempting to lay low for a while, but the longer you wait, you’re delaying the inevitable moment you get back out there. You also run the risk of (unintentionally) reinforcing the idea that you’re unhireable, the longer you stay out of the game. As with a big mistake, accept that it happened, think about how you can do better, and find ways to improve and make yourself a stronger candidate.2. Think hard about what you want to do.Is your field really a good fit for you, after how things ended at your last place? If it was just the company or the role that was the problem, that’s a pretty straightforward fix. But this is a chance to think about what you should really be doing next.3. Get your references in place.Given how things ended, you probably won’t want y our most recent boss to sing your praises (especially if you’re not sure what he/she will say), but you can still get former colleagues from other jobs, or people in your network to act as references.4. Spin it.You lost your job, and that’s going to come up when someone sees an end date on your resume, or asks why you left your last job. The important thing is to turn the narrative into a more positive one. â€Å"I left my last position because it wasn’t a good fit. I’m ready to move on to the next challenge.† It’s a little vague and not ideal, but it’s also not a brutally honest, â€Å"I got fired. Hire me please?† Keep in mind that the reasons you were let go might come up during a background or reference check, so it’s best not to flat-out lie about your reasons for leaving.While you’re looking for a new job, the old one might haunt you somewhat. But again, it’s important to acknowledge, accept, and move on with your life. Everyone loves a good comeback story, and if you work hard to be better than your past mistakes, you can pull yourself up and out of the muck. You can survive, you will survive, and you’ll walk away with some very hard-won insight about yourself and your career.

Background on the Killing of Harambe the Gorilla

Background on the Killing of Harambe the Gorilla On May 28, 2016, an employee at the Cincinatti Zoo and Botanical Garden shot and killed a silver-back gorilla named Harambe after a small child wandered from his mother and fell into Harambe’s habitat. The gorilla, who was alarmed by the child, a sudden interruption to his normally routine life in captivity, became agitated. Zoo officials chose to kill the gorilla before he could harm the child. The boy survived, suffering minor injuries and a concussion. The Debate Could there have been a better way to handle this situation, given how quickly the events transpired? This became the central question of a nationwide debate that transpired on social media and in news outlets, after video of the incident was published and circulated on Youtube. Many felt that the zoo could have handled the situation differently and believed that the killing of the animal was cruel and unnecessary, especially considering the silver-backed gorilla’s status as a critically endangered species. Petitions circulated on Facebook asking for the mother, a childcare worker, to be arrested for child endangerment. One petition garnered almost 200,000 signatures. The incident raised questions of zoo maintenance, security, and standards of care. It even reignited a public debate over the ethics of keeping animals in captivity. Investigations of the Incident The Cincinnati Police Department investigated the incident  but decided not to press charges against the mother, despite widespread public support for a negligence charge. The USDA also investigated the zoo, which had been cited previously on unrelated charges, including for security concerns in the polar bear habitat. As of August 2016, no charges have been filed. Notable Responses The debate over Harambe’s death was widespread, even reaching as high up as then-presidential candidate Donald Trump, who stated that it was â€Å"too bad there wasn’t another way.† Many public figures blamed the zookeepers, arguing that had the gorilla been given just a few more moments, he would have handed the child off to humans as other gorillas living in captivity have done. Others asked why a tranquilizer bullet could not have been used. Said Wayne Pacelle, CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, â€Å"The killing of Harambe saddened the nation, because this magnificent creature did not place himself into this captive setting and did nothing wrong at any stage of this incident.† Others, including zookeeper Jack Hanna and legendary primatologist and animal rights activist Jane Goodall, defended the zoo’s decision. Although Goodall originally stated that it seemed in the video that Harambe was trying to protect the child, she later clarified her position that the zookeepers did not have a choice. â€Å"When people come into contact with wild animals, life and death decisions sometimes have to be made,† she said. Significance to Animal Rights Movement Like the killing of Cecil the Lion by an American dentist one year prior, the widespread public outcry over Harambe’s death was viewed as a significant win for the animal rights movement, despite its tragic catalyst. That these issues became such high-profile stories, covered by The New York Times, CNN, and other major outlets and discussed on social media broadly, marks a change in the way the public engages with animal rights stories in general.

Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Love - Essay Example It focuses on Clegg’s road towards recovery from cocaine and alcohol at the age of thirty four. Clegg decides to enter an inpatient facility to help him reclaim his career, apartment, his dear cat and a boyfriend to love. His road to recovery is full of pain with little glory. The theme of love in the memoir gets portrayed through the support that Clegg receives from the circle of those trying to recover from addiction (Clegg 22). Clegg remembers friends who supported him and saved his life as they tried to relate to him. It is through their encouragement that he never gave up. He explains the friendships he made while on his road to recovery as incomparable to others he had. The friendship he creates is on another level as he gets to share experiences that other people would not understand. Clegg also tells of his story of sobriety so he can get loved by the old and new family he finds (Clegg 48). ‘This is our youth’ is a play by Kenneth Lonergan. The play centers on two friends, Warren and Dennis. Both are college dropouts. Warren shows up at his Dennis’s apartment after having stole fifteen thousand dollars from his dad. Warren gets introduced to the complexities of human relationships about loyalty and betrayal by Dennis and his female companion, Jessica. The play portrays young love by the characters. The theme of love gets depicted by the relationship between Warren and Dennis. Warren hopelessly hero worships Dennis and follows him through the life of the party. Warren hooks up with Jessica while Dennis gets along with Valerie, his girlfriend. The love between the characters is young, free, wild and careless. Jessica and Warren have sex yet they do not have a long standing chemistry. Dennis is rude to her girlfriend on the phone yet he claims to love her. The characters are bound with a love that gets characterized by experimentation with drugs. ‘Sex without love’ is a poem by Sharon Old. In the poem, the poet tries to understand how

A New Approach To Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A New Approach To Medicine - Research Paper Example While these methods have become the foundation of the development in medicine, it is clear that these methods are not entirely efficient in providing medical solutions. In addition, animal right activists have expressed that these methods are against animal rights and that researchers should find out new approaches for testing medicine. This article provides that it would be more reasonable that death row inmates volunteer for human trials and experimental tests. This method would be efficient in terms of accuracy, saving time and resources and in providing animals with their rights to live normal lives. Animal experimentation is a scientific procedure that has grown slowly but consistently since the evolution of scientific research. The underlying fact is that physiologists in the 17th century saw animal research as a new platform to advance the biological and medical knowledge. This scientific procedure emerged when the scientists identified unique similarity between the toxicology effects of drugs in both humans and animals. Rowan (3) points out that although the degree of the effects varied in the two species, scientists found that these differences were minimal and could not hinder the adoption of this procedure. Their concern was to find a testing method that would provide empirical and statistical evidence without subjecting human beings to any harm. The argument was that the human species have the highest priority when it comes to medical research (Ferdowsian, 472-478). In these days, animal protection laws were not common and researchers did not have any opposition while co nducting tests on animals like the situation is today. It is indisputable that scientific research has alleviated many medical complications through the animal experimentation process. Diseases such as polio and diabetes have become curable and the threat that they possessed in the olden days have been completely neutralized. Animals such as rabbits and

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Essay

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century - Essay Example ship: Aggregate union density: No union members: Union density of 50% or more: Recognised unions: (% employees) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) All workplaces 34 64 48 30 Sector of ownership: Private 22 77 8 16 Public 64 7 62 90 Management attitudes towards union membership: In favour 60 8 58 84 Neutral 22 76 9 17 Not in favour 5 93 1 4 Table 2: Union Presence, by Sector of Ownership and Management Attitudes (Source: Marchington and Wilkinson 2008 p.390) The importance of management attitudes is discussed later in this paper. Employee Relations The latest ideas to involve workers more in the workplace are employee engagement and employee involvement and participation (EIP). These follow changes from collective and multi-employer bargaining brought about by international competition and globalisation. Increasingly, although employees have various rights enshrined in law, employers are dictating terms and, in some cases, unilaterally attempting to change contracts of emplo yment to the detriment of employees (Curtis 2010b). Heery (2009 p.334) discusses the representation gap, restating key themes of â€Å"union revitalisation, non-union representation and the effectiveness of public policy† as needing further research. Szell (2010 p.184) describes â€Å"the neo-liberal economic system† as having â€Å"declared war on the trade unions and workers’ participation† when considering the impact of the global financial crisis on the trade union movement and labour policies, specifically in the EU. This is even more important with the austerity drive being pursued by the current UK coalition government as, following the announcements of substantial budget cuts for the public sector, unions have advised that they intend striking to protect both their members’ jobs... An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century Hutton believes that the employment relations culture in 2010 resembles that of the 1970s and this causes many employees to take employers to employment tribunals to obtain justice. He highlights that â€Å"around a third of all people at work have experienced some form of unfair treatment in the past year†, the gender pay gap and low pay as evidence that there is a need for â€Å"a more effective collective worker voice in the workplace†. Employment relations are as difficult an area as ever, with workers still requiring protection within the working context, whether through legislation or union representation. Employers seem determined to exclude workers from decision making and regard them as simply resources, like fixtures and fittings, with no opinions, attitudes or voices of their own once they enter the workplace. Representation is still required, and will continue to be so until employers realise that employees’ full participation in organisational decision making improves the bottom line. One area that organisations might like to explore in this respect, is stakeholder theory. Although most organisations pay lip service to stakeholders other than shareholders, adopting such an approach would generate many positive benefits, including within the employee relations arena. The key issue to be addressed is the power differential between employer and employed. Until this is resolved, employees will still be treated poorly and still require representation, both as individuals and collectively.

Living A Life By Kierkegaard And Camus

Living A Life By Kierkegaard And Camus Does life have any meaning? Stay tuned because two philosophers tried to answer this question for you and I. Soren Kierkegaard and Albert Camus both examined human existence, the meaning of life and the constant struggle to find answers in the world. Kierkegaard, also known as the father of existentialism focused on the Christian faith/doctrine in relation to the existence of God. His view on religion signifies his passion for ethics and for human beings to recognize God and practice what is being preached. Camus, who critiqued Kierkegaards writing, had a different view about the meaning of life in which God/faith is not the ultimate. His strong opposition to death is depicted in his writing because if there is life there is hope. Both writers argued differently on whether life is worth living and the different solutions that can lead one towards finding a meaningful life. Many might ask why people exist. I for one, will not deny the fact that I sometimes question my existence. Who a re we to determine that life is meaningless? If life is meaningless, why do humans work hard to live a legacy? Interpretation of meaninglessness of life also depends on the respondents religious upbringing. So who can answer my question; is it Kierkegaard, Camus or the Universe? Life can only be meaningless if we presume it meaningless; our attitude to life is what makes it meaningless. Stating that life is meaningless because we suffer and die is a subjective statement. Many people claim to be enjoying life and often will admit even in their dying beds that they have lived a very happy life. Both Kierkegaard and Camus have offered different explanations on how to deal with a meaningless life; however, they both have their pros and cons, therefore, no solution are better than the other and cannot be perfect on its own. What constitutes a meaningful life? What makes life meaningless? It is important for one to exam what life has to offer before making a decision on whether it is meaningless or not. There are times when we feel abandoned and offended by the world, but it does not mean that it is the end of our existence even though we feel that way. Camuss explanation and example is right because if I belief that life is absurd and not worth the hassle, I would be inclined to behave in a certain way (I will live a life of carelessness since I know that I have nothing to lose) to make myself happy. Killing oneself is unfruitful because there is no guarantee that there is happiness after life or that life will eventually become meaningful. I believe in living life one day at a time; we struggle to make sense of the world but it keeps getting difficult as we try. This action often makes us rebel against the world (we basically give up hope) and search for alternatives to our problem. We live in a constant state of conflict with the world. The meaning of life needs to be understood in order to feel fulfilled by the world. Because we are born and thrown into the world that offers no explanation of existence, we are left to avenge for ourselves. We all have a feeling or vision of what we want the world to look like, but we get disappointed that the world cannot be shaped to our own individual liking. Camus compares the human attempt to understand the world but the world itself cannot be understood. The feeling of breached relationship amongst the world and human beings is what he calls absurd. We can equally feel fulfilled when the world has the same opinion as we do. On the contrary, when the world is against us and is on the opposite direction, we conclude that the world is not worth living. The world can be unreasonable, however, it links humans together, hence we long for clarity to the irrational relationship we have with the world. Camus explained three different ways man can live in an absurd world and still find meaning in it: the life of Don Juan, the drama life and the conquest life. The Don Juan life is a care free life; it is a life of here and now, a life with limit and no future. The life of Don Juan is the type of life that the majority of society would rather live, including me. I agree with Camus because there are people whose lifestyle is living in the moment. They do not live to find answers to life but live to satisfy immediate desire. People living the life of Don are self centered and they depend only on their decision and judgment because they do not put meaning in anything. They strive for self benefit rather than for anything else. This type of life is one that is not guided by any moral code or conduct. It is a care free life where people are not worried about constant judgment by the society or feelings of guilt for wrong actions. Imagine a world without morals or without law I believe a lo t of people would find it difficult to cope. Although, the law and morals exist, living the life of Don Juan would yield no consequences. The quantity of life matters in this kind of life because they are conscious and are aware of what they do, but the amounts of fulfillment they get from such action is what counts. How effective are your actions and decisions on earth? If what I do brings me joy and contentment, I will be inclined to do the same thing to continue to get the same joy. However, I believe that at some point, such life will become lonely because everything revolves around you only and change will be difficult. The other way of living is the life of an actor. Living a life of an actor means that one has to literarily put on a different lifestyle each day. The actor strives to live for others and thus represents lives other than his own. Living such a life makes him absurd, a life with diversity and no specific purpose. I believe that living a life of an actor is a way of finding oneself and a way of searching for clarity. I also believe that people who live the life of an actor will find life more meaningful at some point because they do realize that such life is hopeful that they might find a life they can identify with. I can see where the life of an actor can be attributed to Camus absurd reasoning. This is because when we continue to live, we have hope that someday something will change or that one decision might lead to a meaningful life. When in doubt and in search of answers to life, we find ourselves contemplating whether to live or to die. When the feeling of emptiness and loneline ss engulfs our mind, I think our instinct will be to end that suffering and save ourselves the heart ache of a wicked world. However, an actor continues to live and hope for tomorrow. The last way of life as defined by Camus, is the life of a Conquest. The conquest life is directed towards achieving an aim, an aim he knows is unattainable, yet he struggles. People who live this life know full well that the end result will not be fruitful, yet that struggle gives their life meaning. The flesh represents life and being alive is worth more than the struggle. Conqueror are people who are aware of their strengths and limitations, they remain constantly on that strength that is enough for them to survive the world. They are not worried about being the best; they are worried about maintaining the achievement they currently have by being consistent in their actions. Kierkegaards view is different from Camus because his view focuses more on religion and on the idea that Gods existence conquers all problems. He expressed this idea through his definition of the knight of faith and his relationship with God. The knight of faith believes in God and that the ultimate meaning of life is established when we develop a relationship with God; however, he does violate the moral law for the sake of the higher being. But even when we believe in God, there are times when we become overwhelmed with the situation at hand and we feel unfulfilled. However, for Kierkegaard, the knight of faith believes that with God, all things are possible; thus when we sacrifice the material things we have and follow God, we are guaranteed greater possibility in life. Kierkegaards beliefs are different from Camus Don Juan because Camus does not believe in God and Dons life is not bound by any ethical code. His Knight of faith is depicted in the life of Abraham the son of David. Abraham was told by God to sacrifice his only son Isaac; he followed through with this action to murder his only son. This action Kierkegaard calls faith because Abraham was willing to sacrifice his only beloved son simply because God said so and this action will make him develop a relationship with God. The knight of faith acts religiously in Gods will and faith becomes the ultimate even though a moral law is being violated. There are individuals whose ultimate goal is to pursue Gods will regardless of what the moral law is; the higher moral law is what is of importance to them. Kierkegaard believes that faith is the only meaningful/existential way of life, but if that is the case, Abraham, who is considered the knight of faith, violated the moral law. He violated the moral law because of his will to sacrifice his son just to be closer to God. When we are faced with the decision of the ethical vs. the religious, our love for religion is greater than our love for the ethical. Abraham chose religion because his faith in God was superior to his allegiance to the ethical life. I believe in religion and I am often influenced by it when making decisions, but I have decided to violate any moral law. I counter Kierkegaards belief because by Abraham willing to sacrifice his son, he might be mistaken for a murderer or a believer. Some might say that he is both, but if you believe that Abraham is a believer, you also believe that it is ok to kill for the sake of God. If we say that he is a murderer, then faith does not exist and the individual does not exist as well. I f this is the case, then the ethical way of life (the universal) not the religious is the acceptable way of life. The way we live our life now speaks our feature. In any situation, I believe that I have a purpose in life. The type of life I choose to live, either the life as explained by Camus or by Kierkegaard, defines who I am. This is where I agree with both Camus and Kierkegaards philosophical view of life and human attitude. They are both right when they said attitude shapes ones life. The meaning of life is defined by the behavior and the attitude we have towards it. But what if the choices we make are not good enough? Does that mean that life will be meaningless? No, but if we are not open to change, then we are trapped in our own single world of meaninglessness. We have a choice to make every single day we are alive and the kind of attitude we want to embrace for that day. Making a bad decision or living a rouged life will definitely expose me to many consequences based on my decision. In any given day on earth, I believe that life accounts for 10% of what happens to me and the other 90% depends on how I react to that situation. I share both Camus and Kierkegaards philosophy of life. The religious life of the Knight of faith is what I practice in my daily life with the exemption of violating the moral law like Abraham did. We all have freedom to make our own life choices, if that choice is the life described by Camus, we live it with passion and if it is the life described by Kierkegaard, we also embrace it. Humans have preconceived idea of what they believe to be happy living. Our creator however; according to those who believe in God has plans for us. He considers our stay on earth as temporary and so do I. What Camus describes as death is considered transition to better places by those that believe in the existence of God. We have only one life to live and I believe in making the world a better place no matter how long it might take.

Political Transitions in America Essay -- American History, Politics a

As life began in the new world many people that have traveled wanted to live in a new atmosphere. People sought out wealth, fortune, freedom and wanted to express their ideas and beliefs as they could have not in their own countries. The new world gave these settlers an opportunity to start their new lives and way of life. One aspect of their new lives was how they wanted to be ruled and their political ideas. Political transitions have occurred throughout the beginning of the settlement of the new world from the British colonies to the first president with a central government then the secession of the south and Civil War until Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. The English colonies were the starting basis of the new world. Jamestown, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania all had their own ways of governing their people. Jamestown’s first political structure was the House of Burgesses which was the first government and was limited by the governor and Joint Company to decide. Also all free men could vote, but later on this was limited to white land owners. Many of their political problems were mainly expansion because farmers wanted more land and problems with the Native Americans. One notable issue was Bacon’s Rebellion which was a revolt against the royal governor of Jamestown who refused to fight back against the attacking Native Americans. About 300-600 people marched into Jamestown and burned down the city and Bacon also died, furthermore this was one of the beginning issues of western expansion. Another starting settlement was Massachusetts whose government was highly tied to the church. The members of the church congregation ha d full legal rights to making laws in the land. They were Calvinists who believed that God had... ...in D. Roosevelt has been elected as President. During this presidency Roosevelt introduced two major New Deal programs that were aimed at the industrial and agricultural recovery from the great depression. The first was the National Recovery Administration where labor leaders were equally determined and workers had a maximum work hours and minimum wage was created. Then the focus on the new deal changed from recovery to reform. (Divine, #646- Throughout American History the Political transitions that have occurred helped create a strong hope in the people today. The colonies that began in the new world have prospered into this great nation going through many conflicts and problems, from the war for independence to secession and the civil war to the great depression and recovery. These political transitions helped make America be what it is today; A great nation.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Beliefs

According to About.Com, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta Georgia.   His father was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, and later on, he himself became the preacher of a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama. He led the famous Black Boycotts between 1955-1956 against the segregation in city buses. His policy of nonviolent resistance culminated in the â€Å"March on Washington† in August of 1963, with more than 200,000 African-Americans joining the protest, calling for equal civil rights for all.   This again was able to bring worldwide attention to his cause.   In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.   In 1964, Congress finally passed the Civil Rights Act, which essentially prohibited discrimination against any person on the basis of race, color, religion and national origin in restaurants, hotels, motels, and also prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of the same factors mentioned above. Dr. King finds that his present actions are inspired divinely.   These clergymen, unwise and untimely, referred to his actions, as a new mayor had just been elected in Birmingham, and it is believed that these clergymen wanted to wait for a while and observe what the new mayor was going to do.   Dr. King described Birmingham as the most violent city in the United States of America with respect to the disregard for the rights of the African-American at that time. He makes mention of biblical passages where equally inspired men left their own homes and comfort zones to preach the gospel of Christ to the far corners of the world. Dr. King also stressed the â€Å"interrelatedness of communities and states† (Dr. King’s letter).   Any event that occurs in one part of the world somehow affects each and every other state to a certain extent. Hence this spurred his desire for direct action as a form of protest against discrimination of blacks in the United States. He then replied to the clergymen’s charge that the demonstrations were not the solution to their problems, stating that the Negro community in fact had no other alternatives, as racial injustice was becoming too far widespread and that many cities were becoming too segregated.   He went on to give particular examples of violence against the Negroes: lynching, drowning, kicking, beating, on the physical side, and the deprivation of education; thereafter economic opportunities on the economic side.   He tells how it feels to be called â€Å"nigger† (Dr. King’s letter), and to have such an overwhelming sense of helplessness, to the point of despair. In the same letter he outlines the four steps in any non-violent campaign.   The first is the collection of facts to determine if the injustices done are really existent.   He enumerates the facts of the case: bombings against Negro communities, the violence against Negroes, and the like.   Next, he mentions the need for negotiation, and in the letter it is stated that their group had gone so many times to talk to city officials about the need for changes in the law and in the city ordinances, but it would seem that their pleas had fallen on deaf ears. The third step then is described as the process of self-purification, where one examines himself in order to determine if he is ready to take the effects of the demonstrations or protest actions that they will do in the near future.   Would one be ready for jail, for beatings, or for other forms of retaliation against the self and his family?   If one successfully overcame the step of self-purification, then direct action would follow. (Dr. King’s letter). Dr. King stated in the letter that the end objective of direct action was to create a crisis – a sort of tension within the community, especially if it was known that the aggressors had refused negotiation several times. He stressed the need for a dramatization of the situation, as requests for negotiation have been refused from time to time.   As a result of this refusal to negotiate, direct action has been taken.   He goes on to describe the tension as a necessary item for growth, so that â€Å"men can rise from prejudice to understanding and brotherhood† (Dr. King’s letter). Thus, the purpose of direction is to create a situation so packed with tension such that the aggressors agree to go back to the negotiation table. We often forget that Dr. King is a preacher, and a religious man at that. His basic philosophies in life were also revealed in the very same letter.   The reason for civil disobedience, or in his terms direct action, is because of the existence of unjust laws.   He then goes on to define any unjust law as a law that is not in tune with moral law, and with natural law. If that particular law happens to degrade the human personality, then Dr. King calls that law to be unjust.   He then goes on to say that the constant stream of unjust laws, specifically the instance of discrimination against Negroes in America, has caused some Negroes to become very complacent, and to accept discrimination as a way of life and as their destiny. Towards the end, Dr. King wrote â€Å"nonviolence demands the means we use be as pure as the ends we seek† (Dr. King’s Letter). He points out that the policemen in Birmingham used the nonviolent means of policing the demonstrations as a good means to achieve the immoral means of racial injustice.   Civil disobedience per se may be non-violent, but many will never know the intense loneliness that accompanies their crusade. Civil disobedience is a religious crusade in itself, for it tests the faith of man in his personal beliefs. On March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a â€Å"symbolic† march to the bridge from which civil rights leaders asked for court protection for another big march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery (Selma to Montgomery March). Several historic moments in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify Martin Luther King, Jr. — prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, keynote speaker at the March on Washington, youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate (Colaiaco, p. 28). But in retrospect, single events are less important than the fact that King, and his policy of nonviolent protest, was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during its decade of greatest achievement, from 1957 to 1968 (The Seattle Times, n.p.). King Jr. places his bets on the inherent goodness of man and that peace and justice will indeed prevail in the end.   He truly was a man of great faith, and in the end, gave up his life towards the achievement of his dream. In his short life, Martin Luther King was instrumental in helping us realize and rectify those unspeakable flaws that tarnished the name of America. The events, which took place in and around his life, were earth shattering, for they represented an America that was hostile and quite different from America as we see it today. Indeed, he was one of the outstanding leaders who have changed the way we live today. REFERENCES Clayborne C. A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/speeches/contents.htm Colaiaco, J. A.(1988). Martin Luther King, Jr.: Apostle of militant nonviolence.† New York: St. Martin's Press. Fairclough, A. (1995). Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Georgia Press Dr. King, M.L. Letter from Birmingham Jail. reproduced in the Semi Daily Journal of Stephen Long, Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.bdlong.com/mlkingjr.htm Dr. King, M.L. Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail.   reproduced in NobelPrizes.Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:. http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/mlk-jail.html; Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. About. Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.christianity.about.com/od/martinlutherking/a/martinking.htm Selma to Montgomery March. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/travel/civilrights/al4.htm The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. The Seattle Times.   Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: ;http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/king/biography.html; ;

Feminism and Art Essay

Feminist activity had been a rising concern in the late 1900’s which is based merely off of the emotional significance of personal and psychological reasoning. Rather than reacting on this issue based on historical evidence, the issue is based on immediate needs on the feminist attack. Linda Nochlin, and other important scholars and philosophers explain the psychology, philosophy, sociology, and history of art and the feminist movement pertaining to art. Linda Nochlin was the author of this piece, and used both her own knowledge to write this piece, as well as other scholars and philosophers arguments, injected them into her writing, and elaborated on their ideas and arguments. When pertaining to psychology, the issues mentioned and elaborated on were how women were rejected, which led to their thoughts, feelings, and emotions being affected. Because of this, this changed their way of interpreting things, and their views of things were different from men. From a philosophical stand point, Nochlin refers to John Stuart Mill who says that he suggests that we tend to accept things that come natural to us, or that are natural, like male domination; this means that males dominate over women, and women having no say in anything, accept what is natural because back in the day, male domination was a normal thing to women and was a natural behavior. Thinking about sociology, in society, men had to work and had to be educated. Women on the other hand were not allowed and treated as objects, and stayed home to have children and to continue on the male name. â€Å"In general, women’s experience and situation in society, and hence as artists, is different from men’s, and certainly the art produced by a group of consciously united and purposefully articulate women intent on bodying forth a group of consciousness of feminine experience might indeed be stylistically identifiable as feminists, if not feminine art. † Historically, women weren’t allowed to be educated unless they were wealthy, or had and greater importance over other women. This is why women didn’t know how to paint because they weren’t allowed to learn how, this is also why there were not so many women artists back then, and if there were, they were not well known. An important question that has been posed multiple times within this piece was, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists? † 3 3 â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists† is what Linda is arguing. Her argument is that there are no great women artists that compare to all of these great and well-known artists that art historians study. These famous artists studied today are, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Delacroix, Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse, etc. Linda also states that it is in human nature that men dominate women. It is an instinct that has been created ever since humans walked this earth, and is something that is still being battled today. By answering the question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, which has been questioned by many, Linda proves her arguments by referring to many who have either answered, or attempted to answer this question. Those who have either done it or attempted it are: John Stuart Mill, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Mary Ellmann. All of these theorists/writers attempted to answer the same exact question by simply reinforcing the negative implications, or by saying that there is a different kind of greatness that exists for women, and also how experiences that women go through in society affects their art, which may mean that they were not accepted by the great viewers, which were men. Men and women have different values and interpretation of art, and to men, women’s art was nothing. When structure of this essay is concerned, it is in fact structured in a number of 4 4 ways which include, historical events, arguments, theories, and facts. The argument is pronounced using different methods, which explains subjects using points from the other scholars and their explanations. Initially, the argument made was intangible, later it becomes clear when Nochlin first talks about the battle against feminism, and how it has been around for years, even decades. Later, she begins to say how feminism caused such emotional, and psychological damage and pain to women for a long period of time. Many reasons why feminism had occurred was explored by Nochlin, and answered the question by John Stuart Mill’s response to male dominancy. Her reasoning for why there were no famous female artists was because of men, and how they overruled women in society; her argument was supported with many arguments written from other writers in the past. At the end of each of her arguments, she ends with the famous question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, and leaves it to be answered by another writer. Many say it is in male nature to dominate, or maybe women just can’t achieve as much greatness as men. Maybe women paint from their psychological views of things, and this was frowned upon by men; women were not allowed to think, let alone paint about what they were thinking. When comparing known women artists to well known male artists, no woman artist compares to the master of art, Michelangelo. The next division of this essay was â€Å"The Question of the Nudes. † â€Å" We can now approach our question from a more reasonable standpoint, since it seems probable that the answer to why there have been no great women artists lies not in the nature of individual genius or lack of it, but in the nature of given institutions and what they forbid or encouraged in various classes or group of individuals†, p. 158. Since the 1800’s, nude models were females, and would go to school to help the new and sprouting artists to learn and practice art. Females who wanted to participate and learn to paint the human body were rejected because society did not allow women to look at another female or male nude. Men were allowed to study the female nude because to them, they were objects. However, male nudes (models) were never classified as objects. â€Å"As late as 1893, â€Å"lady† students were not admitted to life drawing at the Royal Academy in London, and even when they were, after that date, the model had to be â€Å"partially draped. † P. 158. Women had very little knowledge in painting and therefore were quite timid because of all the pressure that was placed on them by the society, and most commonly, men. Many of those who studied nude models and produced nude figure drawings later became doctors, and professional artists; once again women were not permitted to become either of those. In order to become a professional artist, however, you needed to be good in literature, and had to have knowledge of many techniques. It was uncommon for women to be educated because school’s had high expectations. There were consequences if a woman wanted to be a painter. If you were a woman painter, and were substantially committed to painting, you were expected to forget about having a future. This included a husband, family, career, etc. This was the case in the 19th century because women â€Å"couldn’t focus† on more than one thing at a time according to men and society, therefore our only options were to become a painter and have no outside life, or forget about being a painter and have a family. Women had come a long way by this time, and women were allowed to play music, sculpt, and draw, but were considered weak, and couldn’t pursue any labor work. One of the great women artists, Maurice Bompard, suffered greatly with her paintings because society classified them as being too sexual, and not serious enough; she struggled greatly to achieve the greatness she deserved. Rosa Bonheur was another well known woman artist, and her success changed the view of society on women artists, but still struggled because of her gender. Her father was a drawing master, so she loved to draw and paint at an early age. Rosa created a new style of painting in the 19th century, and this was to paint in smaller scale. She has the ability to capture naturalism, soul, and individuality, and was well known for her â€Å"Barbizon† landscapes. 6 , 6 The rhetorical method in this piece would be repeating the question, â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, and this depicts the importance of this issue which has been raised by all of the philosophers, writers, and art historians that have been attempting to answer this question for decades. The tone of voice used in the essay is persuasion, frustration, and even determination, and this makes it easier for the reader to understand and illustrate what exactly the issue is and how important it is. In Nochlin’s â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, she states the importance of women’s history, and makes women aware of how grateful they should be with everything women are allowed to do today. Because of those many strong women who stood up for what they believed in, women today have equal rights to men, and can pursue any path they so wish to take.