A New Approach To Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A New Approach To Medicine - Research Paper Example While these methods have become the foundation of the development in medicine, it is clear that these methods are not entirely efficient in providing medical solutions. In addition, animal right activists have expressed that these methods are against animal rights and that researchers should find out new approaches for testing medicine. This article provides that it would be more reasonable that death row inmates volunteer for human trials and experimental tests. This method would be efficient in terms of accuracy, saving time and resources and in providing animals with their rights to live normal lives. Animal experimentation is a scientific procedure that has grown slowly but consistently since the evolution of scientific research. The underlying fact is that physiologists in the 17th century saw animal research as a new platform to advance the biological and medical knowledge. This scientific procedure emerged when the scientists identified unique similarity between the toxicology effects of drugs in both humans and animals. Rowan (3) points out that although the degree of the effects varied in the two species, scientists found that these differences were minimal and could not hinder the adoption of this procedure. Their concern was to find a testing method that would provide empirical and statistical evidence without subjecting human beings to any harm. The argument was that the human species have the highest priority when it comes to medical research (Ferdowsian, 472-478). In these days, animal protection laws were not common and researchers did not have any opposition while co nducting tests on animals like the situation is today. It is indisputable that scientific research has alleviated many medical complications through the animal experimentation process. Diseases such as polio and diabetes have become curable and the threat that they possessed in the olden days have been completely neutralized. Animals such as rabbits and

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Essay

An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century - Essay Example ship: Aggregate union density: No union members: Union density of 50% or more: Recognised unions: (% employees) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) (% workplaces) All workplaces 34 64 48 30 Sector of ownership: Private 22 77 8 16 Public 64 7 62 90 Management attitudes towards union membership: In favour 60 8 58 84 Neutral 22 76 9 17 Not in favour 5 93 1 4 Table 2: Union Presence, by Sector of Ownership and Management Attitudes (Source: Marchington and Wilkinson 2008 p.390) The importance of management attitudes is discussed later in this paper. Employee Relations The latest ideas to involve workers more in the workplace are employee engagement and employee involvement and participation (EIP). These follow changes from collective and multi-employer bargaining brought about by international competition and globalisation. Increasingly, although employees have various rights enshrined in law, employers are dictating terms and, in some cases, unilaterally attempting to change contracts of emplo yment to the detriment of employees (Curtis 2010b). Heery (2009 p.334) discusses the representation gap, restating key themes of â€Å"union revitalisation, non-union representation and the effectiveness of public policy† as needing further research. Szell (2010 p.184) describes â€Å"the neo-liberal economic system† as having â€Å"declared war on the trade unions and workers’ participation† when considering the impact of the global financial crisis on the trade union movement and labour policies, specifically in the EU. This is even more important with the austerity drive being pursued by the current UK coalition government as, following the announcements of substantial budget cuts for the public sector, unions have advised that they intend striking to protect both their members’ jobs... An Assessment of the Need for Worker Representation in the 21st Century Hutton believes that the employment relations culture in 2010 resembles that of the 1970s and this causes many employees to take employers to employment tribunals to obtain justice. He highlights that â€Å"around a third of all people at work have experienced some form of unfair treatment in the past year†, the gender pay gap and low pay as evidence that there is a need for â€Å"a more effective collective worker voice in the workplace†. Employment relations are as difficult an area as ever, with workers still requiring protection within the working context, whether through legislation or union representation. Employers seem determined to exclude workers from decision making and regard them as simply resources, like fixtures and fittings, with no opinions, attitudes or voices of their own once they enter the workplace. Representation is still required, and will continue to be so until employers realise that employees’ full participation in organisational decision making improves the bottom line. One area that organisations might like to explore in this respect, is stakeholder theory. Although most organisations pay lip service to stakeholders other than shareholders, adopting such an approach would generate many positive benefits, including within the employee relations arena. The key issue to be addressed is the power differential between employer and employed. Until this is resolved, employees will still be treated poorly and still require representation, both as individuals and collectively.

Living A Life By Kierkegaard And Camus

Living A Life By Kierkegaard And Camus Does life have any meaning? Stay tuned because two philosophers tried to answer this question for you and I. Soren Kierkegaard and Albert Camus both examined human existence, the meaning of life and the constant struggle to find answers in the world. Kierkegaard, also known as the father of existentialism focused on the Christian faith/doctrine in relation to the existence of God. His view on religion signifies his passion for ethics and for human beings to recognize God and practice what is being preached. Camus, who critiqued Kierkegaards writing, had a different view about the meaning of life in which God/faith is not the ultimate. His strong opposition to death is depicted in his writing because if there is life there is hope. Both writers argued differently on whether life is worth living and the different solutions that can lead one towards finding a meaningful life. Many might ask why people exist. I for one, will not deny the fact that I sometimes question my existence. Who a re we to determine that life is meaningless? If life is meaningless, why do humans work hard to live a legacy? Interpretation of meaninglessness of life also depends on the respondents religious upbringing. So who can answer my question; is it Kierkegaard, Camus or the Universe? Life can only be meaningless if we presume it meaningless; our attitude to life is what makes it meaningless. Stating that life is meaningless because we suffer and die is a subjective statement. Many people claim to be enjoying life and often will admit even in their dying beds that they have lived a very happy life. Both Kierkegaard and Camus have offered different explanations on how to deal with a meaningless life; however, they both have their pros and cons, therefore, no solution are better than the other and cannot be perfect on its own. What constitutes a meaningful life? What makes life meaningless? It is important for one to exam what life has to offer before making a decision on whether it is meaningless or not. There are times when we feel abandoned and offended by the world, but it does not mean that it is the end of our existence even though we feel that way. Camuss explanation and example is right because if I belief that life is absurd and not worth the hassle, I would be inclined to behave in a certain way (I will live a life of carelessness since I know that I have nothing to lose) to make myself happy. Killing oneself is unfruitful because there is no guarantee that there is happiness after life or that life will eventually become meaningful. I believe in living life one day at a time; we struggle to make sense of the world but it keeps getting difficult as we try. This action often makes us rebel against the world (we basically give up hope) and search for alternatives to our problem. We live in a constant state of conflict with the world. The meaning of life needs to be understood in order to feel fulfilled by the world. Because we are born and thrown into the world that offers no explanation of existence, we are left to avenge for ourselves. We all have a feeling or vision of what we want the world to look like, but we get disappointed that the world cannot be shaped to our own individual liking. Camus compares the human attempt to understand the world but the world itself cannot be understood. The feeling of breached relationship amongst the world and human beings is what he calls absurd. We can equally feel fulfilled when the world has the same opinion as we do. On the contrary, when the world is against us and is on the opposite direction, we conclude that the world is not worth living. The world can be unreasonable, however, it links humans together, hence we long for clarity to the irrational relationship we have with the world. Camus explained three different ways man can live in an absurd world and still find meaning in it: the life of Don Juan, the drama life and the conquest life. The Don Juan life is a care free life; it is a life of here and now, a life with limit and no future. The life of Don Juan is the type of life that the majority of society would rather live, including me. I agree with Camus because there are people whose lifestyle is living in the moment. They do not live to find answers to life but live to satisfy immediate desire. People living the life of Don are self centered and they depend only on their decision and judgment because they do not put meaning in anything. They strive for self benefit rather than for anything else. This type of life is one that is not guided by any moral code or conduct. It is a care free life where people are not worried about constant judgment by the society or feelings of guilt for wrong actions. Imagine a world without morals or without law I believe a lo t of people would find it difficult to cope. Although, the law and morals exist, living the life of Don Juan would yield no consequences. The quantity of life matters in this kind of life because they are conscious and are aware of what they do, but the amounts of fulfillment they get from such action is what counts. How effective are your actions and decisions on earth? If what I do brings me joy and contentment, I will be inclined to do the same thing to continue to get the same joy. However, I believe that at some point, such life will become lonely because everything revolves around you only and change will be difficult. The other way of living is the life of an actor. Living a life of an actor means that one has to literarily put on a different lifestyle each day. The actor strives to live for others and thus represents lives other than his own. Living such a life makes him absurd, a life with diversity and no specific purpose. I believe that living a life of an actor is a way of finding oneself and a way of searching for clarity. I also believe that people who live the life of an actor will find life more meaningful at some point because they do realize that such life is hopeful that they might find a life they can identify with. I can see where the life of an actor can be attributed to Camus absurd reasoning. This is because when we continue to live, we have hope that someday something will change or that one decision might lead to a meaningful life. When in doubt and in search of answers to life, we find ourselves contemplating whether to live or to die. When the feeling of emptiness and loneline ss engulfs our mind, I think our instinct will be to end that suffering and save ourselves the heart ache of a wicked world. However, an actor continues to live and hope for tomorrow. The last way of life as defined by Camus, is the life of a Conquest. The conquest life is directed towards achieving an aim, an aim he knows is unattainable, yet he struggles. People who live this life know full well that the end result will not be fruitful, yet that struggle gives their life meaning. The flesh represents life and being alive is worth more than the struggle. Conqueror are people who are aware of their strengths and limitations, they remain constantly on that strength that is enough for them to survive the world. They are not worried about being the best; they are worried about maintaining the achievement they currently have by being consistent in their actions. Kierkegaards view is different from Camus because his view focuses more on religion and on the idea that Gods existence conquers all problems. He expressed this idea through his definition of the knight of faith and his relationship with God. The knight of faith believes in God and that the ultimate meaning of life is established when we develop a relationship with God; however, he does violate the moral law for the sake of the higher being. But even when we believe in God, there are times when we become overwhelmed with the situation at hand and we feel unfulfilled. However, for Kierkegaard, the knight of faith believes that with God, all things are possible; thus when we sacrifice the material things we have and follow God, we are guaranteed greater possibility in life. Kierkegaards beliefs are different from Camus Don Juan because Camus does not believe in God and Dons life is not bound by any ethical code. His Knight of faith is depicted in the life of Abraham the son of David. Abraham was told by God to sacrifice his only son Isaac; he followed through with this action to murder his only son. This action Kierkegaard calls faith because Abraham was willing to sacrifice his only beloved son simply because God said so and this action will make him develop a relationship with God. The knight of faith acts religiously in Gods will and faith becomes the ultimate even though a moral law is being violated. There are individuals whose ultimate goal is to pursue Gods will regardless of what the moral law is; the higher moral law is what is of importance to them. Kierkegaard believes that faith is the only meaningful/existential way of life, but if that is the case, Abraham, who is considered the knight of faith, violated the moral law. He violated the moral law because of his will to sacrifice his son just to be closer to God. When we are faced with the decision of the ethical vs. the religious, our love for religion is greater than our love for the ethical. Abraham chose religion because his faith in God was superior to his allegiance to the ethical life. I believe in religion and I am often influenced by it when making decisions, but I have decided to violate any moral law. I counter Kierkegaards belief because by Abraham willing to sacrifice his son, he might be mistaken for a murderer or a believer. Some might say that he is both, but if you believe that Abraham is a believer, you also believe that it is ok to kill for the sake of God. If we say that he is a murderer, then faith does not exist and the individual does not exist as well. I f this is the case, then the ethical way of life (the universal) not the religious is the acceptable way of life. The way we live our life now speaks our feature. In any situation, I believe that I have a purpose in life. The type of life I choose to live, either the life as explained by Camus or by Kierkegaard, defines who I am. This is where I agree with both Camus and Kierkegaards philosophical view of life and human attitude. They are both right when they said attitude shapes ones life. The meaning of life is defined by the behavior and the attitude we have towards it. But what if the choices we make are not good enough? Does that mean that life will be meaningless? No, but if we are not open to change, then we are trapped in our own single world of meaninglessness. We have a choice to make every single day we are alive and the kind of attitude we want to embrace for that day. Making a bad decision or living a rouged life will definitely expose me to many consequences based on my decision. In any given day on earth, I believe that life accounts for 10% of what happens to me and the other 90% depends on how I react to that situation. I share both Camus and Kierkegaards philosophy of life. The religious life of the Knight of faith is what I practice in my daily life with the exemption of violating the moral law like Abraham did. We all have freedom to make our own life choices, if that choice is the life described by Camus, we live it with passion and if it is the life described by Kierkegaard, we also embrace it. Humans have preconceived idea of what they believe to be happy living. Our creator however; according to those who believe in God has plans for us. He considers our stay on earth as temporary and so do I. What Camus describes as death is considered transition to better places by those that believe in the existence of God. We have only one life to live and I believe in making the world a better place no matter how long it might take.

Political Transitions in America Essay -- American History, Politics a

As life began in the new world many people that have traveled wanted to live in a new atmosphere. People sought out wealth, fortune, freedom and wanted to express their ideas and beliefs as they could have not in their own countries. The new world gave these settlers an opportunity to start their new lives and way of life. One aspect of their new lives was how they wanted to be ruled and their political ideas. Political transitions have occurred throughout the beginning of the settlement of the new world from the British colonies to the first president with a central government then the secession of the south and Civil War until Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. The English colonies were the starting basis of the new world. Jamestown, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania all had their own ways of governing their people. Jamestown’s first political structure was the House of Burgesses which was the first government and was limited by the governor and Joint Company to decide. Also all free men could vote, but later on this was limited to white land owners. Many of their political problems were mainly expansion because farmers wanted more land and problems with the Native Americans. One notable issue was Bacon’s Rebellion which was a revolt against the royal governor of Jamestown who refused to fight back against the attacking Native Americans. About 300-600 people marched into Jamestown and burned down the city and Bacon also died, furthermore this was one of the beginning issues of western expansion. Another starting settlement was Massachusetts whose government was highly tied to the church. The members of the church congregation ha d full legal rights to making laws in the land. They were Calvinists who believed that God had... ...in D. Roosevelt has been elected as President. During this presidency Roosevelt introduced two major New Deal programs that were aimed at the industrial and agricultural recovery from the great depression. The first was the National Recovery Administration where labor leaders were equally determined and workers had a maximum work hours and minimum wage was created. Then the focus on the new deal changed from recovery to reform. (Divine, #646- Throughout American History the Political transitions that have occurred helped create a strong hope in the people today. The colonies that began in the new world have prospered into this great nation going through many conflicts and problems, from the war for independence to secession and the civil war to the great depression and recovery. These political transitions helped make America be what it is today; A great nation.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Beliefs

According to About.Com, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta Georgia.   His father was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, and later on, he himself became the preacher of a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama. He led the famous Black Boycotts between 1955-1956 against the segregation in city buses. His policy of nonviolent resistance culminated in the â€Å"March on Washington† in August of 1963, with more than 200,000 African-Americans joining the protest, calling for equal civil rights for all.   This again was able to bring worldwide attention to his cause.   In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.   In 1964, Congress finally passed the Civil Rights Act, which essentially prohibited discrimination against any person on the basis of race, color, religion and national origin in restaurants, hotels, motels, and also prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of the same factors mentioned above. Dr. King finds that his present actions are inspired divinely.   These clergymen, unwise and untimely, referred to his actions, as a new mayor had just been elected in Birmingham, and it is believed that these clergymen wanted to wait for a while and observe what the new mayor was going to do.   Dr. King described Birmingham as the most violent city in the United States of America with respect to the disregard for the rights of the African-American at that time. He makes mention of biblical passages where equally inspired men left their own homes and comfort zones to preach the gospel of Christ to the far corners of the world. Dr. King also stressed the â€Å"interrelatedness of communities and states† (Dr. King’s letter).   Any event that occurs in one part of the world somehow affects each and every other state to a certain extent. Hence this spurred his desire for direct action as a form of protest against discrimination of blacks in the United States. He then replied to the clergymen’s charge that the demonstrations were not the solution to their problems, stating that the Negro community in fact had no other alternatives, as racial injustice was becoming too far widespread and that many cities were becoming too segregated.   He went on to give particular examples of violence against the Negroes: lynching, drowning, kicking, beating, on the physical side, and the deprivation of education; thereafter economic opportunities on the economic side.   He tells how it feels to be called â€Å"nigger† (Dr. King’s letter), and to have such an overwhelming sense of helplessness, to the point of despair. In the same letter he outlines the four steps in any non-violent campaign.   The first is the collection of facts to determine if the injustices done are really existent.   He enumerates the facts of the case: bombings against Negro communities, the violence against Negroes, and the like.   Next, he mentions the need for negotiation, and in the letter it is stated that their group had gone so many times to talk to city officials about the need for changes in the law and in the city ordinances, but it would seem that their pleas had fallen on deaf ears. The third step then is described as the process of self-purification, where one examines himself in order to determine if he is ready to take the effects of the demonstrations or protest actions that they will do in the near future.   Would one be ready for jail, for beatings, or for other forms of retaliation against the self and his family?   If one successfully overcame the step of self-purification, then direct action would follow. (Dr. King’s letter). Dr. King stated in the letter that the end objective of direct action was to create a crisis – a sort of tension within the community, especially if it was known that the aggressors had refused negotiation several times. He stressed the need for a dramatization of the situation, as requests for negotiation have been refused from time to time.   As a result of this refusal to negotiate, direct action has been taken.   He goes on to describe the tension as a necessary item for growth, so that â€Å"men can rise from prejudice to understanding and brotherhood† (Dr. King’s letter). Thus, the purpose of direction is to create a situation so packed with tension such that the aggressors agree to go back to the negotiation table. We often forget that Dr. King is a preacher, and a religious man at that. His basic philosophies in life were also revealed in the very same letter.   The reason for civil disobedience, or in his terms direct action, is because of the existence of unjust laws.   He then goes on to define any unjust law as a law that is not in tune with moral law, and with natural law. If that particular law happens to degrade the human personality, then Dr. King calls that law to be unjust.   He then goes on to say that the constant stream of unjust laws, specifically the instance of discrimination against Negroes in America, has caused some Negroes to become very complacent, and to accept discrimination as a way of life and as their destiny. Towards the end, Dr. King wrote â€Å"nonviolence demands the means we use be as pure as the ends we seek† (Dr. King’s Letter). He points out that the policemen in Birmingham used the nonviolent means of policing the demonstrations as a good means to achieve the immoral means of racial injustice.   Civil disobedience per se may be non-violent, but many will never know the intense loneliness that accompanies their crusade. Civil disobedience is a religious crusade in itself, for it tests the faith of man in his personal beliefs. On March 9, Martin Luther King, Jr., led a â€Å"symbolic† march to the bridge from which civil rights leaders asked for court protection for another big march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery (Selma to Montgomery March). Several historic moments in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify Martin Luther King, Jr. — prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, keynote speaker at the March on Washington, youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate (Colaiaco, p. 28). But in retrospect, single events are less important than the fact that King, and his policy of nonviolent protest, was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during its decade of greatest achievement, from 1957 to 1968 (The Seattle Times, n.p.). King Jr. places his bets on the inherent goodness of man and that peace and justice will indeed prevail in the end.   He truly was a man of great faith, and in the end, gave up his life towards the achievement of his dream. In his short life, Martin Luther King was instrumental in helping us realize and rectify those unspeakable flaws that tarnished the name of America. The events, which took place in and around his life, were earth shattering, for they represented an America that was hostile and quite different from America as we see it today. Indeed, he was one of the outstanding leaders who have changed the way we live today. REFERENCES Clayborne C. A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/speeches/contents.htm Colaiaco, J. A.(1988). Martin Luther King, Jr.: Apostle of militant nonviolence.† New York: St. Martin's Press. Fairclough, A. (1995). Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Georgia Press Dr. King, M.L. Letter from Birmingham Jail. reproduced in the Semi Daily Journal of Stephen Long, Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.bdlong.com/mlkingjr.htm Dr. King, M.L. Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail.   reproduced in NobelPrizes.Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:. http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/mlk-jail.html; Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. About. Com. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.christianity.about.com/od/martinlutherking/a/martinking.htm Selma to Montgomery March. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: http://www.cr.nps.gov/NR/travel/civilrights/al4.htm The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. The Seattle Times.   Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at: ;http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/king/biography.html; ;

Feminism and Art Essay

Feminist activity had been a rising concern in the late 1900’s which is based merely off of the emotional significance of personal and psychological reasoning. Rather than reacting on this issue based on historical evidence, the issue is based on immediate needs on the feminist attack. Linda Nochlin, and other important scholars and philosophers explain the psychology, philosophy, sociology, and history of art and the feminist movement pertaining to art. Linda Nochlin was the author of this piece, and used both her own knowledge to write this piece, as well as other scholars and philosophers arguments, injected them into her writing, and elaborated on their ideas and arguments. When pertaining to psychology, the issues mentioned and elaborated on were how women were rejected, which led to their thoughts, feelings, and emotions being affected. Because of this, this changed their way of interpreting things, and their views of things were different from men. From a philosophical stand point, Nochlin refers to John Stuart Mill who says that he suggests that we tend to accept things that come natural to us, or that are natural, like male domination; this means that males dominate over women, and women having no say in anything, accept what is natural because back in the day, male domination was a normal thing to women and was a natural behavior. Thinking about sociology, in society, men had to work and had to be educated. Women on the other hand were not allowed and treated as objects, and stayed home to have children and to continue on the male name. â€Å"In general, women’s experience and situation in society, and hence as artists, is different from men’s, and certainly the art produced by a group of consciously united and purposefully articulate women intent on bodying forth a group of consciousness of feminine experience might indeed be stylistically identifiable as feminists, if not feminine art. † Historically, women weren’t allowed to be educated unless they were wealthy, or had and greater importance over other women. This is why women didn’t know how to paint because they weren’t allowed to learn how, this is also why there were not so many women artists back then, and if there were, they were not well known. An important question that has been posed multiple times within this piece was, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists? † 3 3 â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists† is what Linda is arguing. Her argument is that there are no great women artists that compare to all of these great and well-known artists that art historians study. These famous artists studied today are, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Delacroix, Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse, etc. Linda also states that it is in human nature that men dominate women. It is an instinct that has been created ever since humans walked this earth, and is something that is still being battled today. By answering the question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, which has been questioned by many, Linda proves her arguments by referring to many who have either answered, or attempted to answer this question. Those who have either done it or attempted it are: John Stuart Mill, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Mary Ellmann. All of these theorists/writers attempted to answer the same exact question by simply reinforcing the negative implications, or by saying that there is a different kind of greatness that exists for women, and also how experiences that women go through in society affects their art, which may mean that they were not accepted by the great viewers, which were men. Men and women have different values and interpretation of art, and to men, women’s art was nothing. When structure of this essay is concerned, it is in fact structured in a number of 4 4 ways which include, historical events, arguments, theories, and facts. The argument is pronounced using different methods, which explains subjects using points from the other scholars and their explanations. Initially, the argument made was intangible, later it becomes clear when Nochlin first talks about the battle against feminism, and how it has been around for years, even decades. Later, she begins to say how feminism caused such emotional, and psychological damage and pain to women for a long period of time. Many reasons why feminism had occurred was explored by Nochlin, and answered the question by John Stuart Mill’s response to male dominancy. Her reasoning for why there were no famous female artists was because of men, and how they overruled women in society; her argument was supported with many arguments written from other writers in the past. At the end of each of her arguments, she ends with the famous question, â€Å"Why have there been no great women artists†, and leaves it to be answered by another writer. Many say it is in male nature to dominate, or maybe women just can’t achieve as much greatness as men. Maybe women paint from their psychological views of things, and this was frowned upon by men; women were not allowed to think, let alone paint about what they were thinking. When comparing known women artists to well known male artists, no woman artist compares to the master of art, Michelangelo. The next division of this essay was â€Å"The Question of the Nudes. † â€Å" We can now approach our question from a more reasonable standpoint, since it seems probable that the answer to why there have been no great women artists lies not in the nature of individual genius or lack of it, but in the nature of given institutions and what they forbid or encouraged in various classes or group of individuals†, p. 158. Since the 1800’s, nude models were females, and would go to school to help the new and sprouting artists to learn and practice art. Females who wanted to participate and learn to paint the human body were rejected because society did not allow women to look at another female or male nude. Men were allowed to study the female nude because to them, they were objects. However, male nudes (models) were never classified as objects. â€Å"As late as 1893, â€Å"lady† students were not admitted to life drawing at the Royal Academy in London, and even when they were, after that date, the model had to be â€Å"partially draped. † P. 158. Women had very little knowledge in painting and therefore were quite timid because of all the pressure that was placed on them by the society, and most commonly, men. Many of those who studied nude models and produced nude figure drawings later became doctors, and professional artists; once again women were not permitted to become either of those. In order to become a professional artist, however, you needed to be good in literature, and had to have knowledge of many techniques. It was uncommon for women to be educated because school’s had high expectations. There were consequences if a woman wanted to be a painter. If you were a woman painter, and were substantially committed to painting, you were expected to forget about having a future. This included a husband, family, career, etc. This was the case in the 19th century because women â€Å"couldn’t focus† on more than one thing at a time according to men and society, therefore our only options were to become a painter and have no outside life, or forget about being a painter and have a family. Women had come a long way by this time, and women were allowed to play music, sculpt, and draw, but were considered weak, and couldn’t pursue any labor work. One of the great women artists, Maurice Bompard, suffered greatly with her paintings because society classified them as being too sexual, and not serious enough; she struggled greatly to achieve the greatness she deserved. Rosa Bonheur was another well known woman artist, and her success changed the view of society on women artists, but still struggled because of her gender. Her father was a drawing master, so she loved to draw and paint at an early age. Rosa created a new style of painting in the 19th century, and this was to paint in smaller scale. She has the ability to capture naturalism, soul, and individuality, and was well known for her â€Å"Barbizon† landscapes. 6 , 6 The rhetorical method in this piece would be repeating the question, â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, and this depicts the importance of this issue which has been raised by all of the philosophers, writers, and art historians that have been attempting to answer this question for decades. The tone of voice used in the essay is persuasion, frustration, and even determination, and this makes it easier for the reader to understand and illustrate what exactly the issue is and how important it is. In Nochlin’s â€Å"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists†, she states the importance of women’s history, and makes women aware of how grateful they should be with everything women are allowed to do today. Because of those many strong women who stood up for what they believed in, women today have equal rights to men, and can pursue any path they so wish to take.

Advancement in Tidal Energy Essay Example

Advancement in Tidal Energy Essay Example Advancement in Tidal Energy Essay Advancement in Tidal Energy Essay T is non until you undertake the Term Paper like this 1 that you realize how monolithic the attempt it truly is. or how much you must trust upon the Selfless attempts and good will of others. There are many who helped us with this Term Paper. and I want to thank them all from the nucleus of our Heartss. I owe particular words of thanks to our Teacher Mr. Onkar Singh for his vision. thoughtful guidance and encouragement at every measure of the Term Paper. I am besides grateful to the instructors of the Department for giving us the best of cognition and counsel throughout the Term Paper. And last but non the least. I find no words to admit the fiscal aid A ; moral support rendered by our parents in doing the attempt a success. All this has become world because of their approvals and above all by the grace of God. –SANDEEP PANDEY Contentss: Introduction Coevals Of Tidal Energy: Generation methods Tidal watercourse generator Tidal bombardment Dynamic tidal power TIDAL POWER TECHNOLOGY Harnessing Tidal Wave Energy with Push Home plates Tidal power issues Ecological Corrosion Decision REFERANCES Introduction: Tidal wave energy shows great promise. and new engineerings are going available which can do this renewable alternate energy beginning more efficient and effectual at replacing fossil fuels. and maintaining the environment clean. More companies are puting in tidal wave research and development. for a figure of grounds. Environmentally friendly power beginnings which are clean and do non do pollution or environmental injury are the key to the hereafter. and there is more clip and money being invested in these countries. Water that flows carries a great trade of energy. and the tides do non hold to be highly strong for this power to be harnessed and used. Promotions in engineering have resulted in many new merchandises and methods being considered and evaluated refering these alternate power beginnings and coevals methods. One drawback to this sector. and some of the older engineering used. is that the fish and marine wildlife can be disturbed or harmed in some instances. so changeless monitoring of the submerged environment is needed to guarantee this does non go on. Tidal turbines can kill fish and other species if they get caught up in the equipment. and this can alter the submerged ecosystem. so newer methods and equipment are being developed to minimise these impacts and protect the current home ground and marine life. One promotion in tidal moving ridge engineering is being tested in the United Kingdom. and the merchandise is called the Anaconda. This device is similar to a big gum elastic serpent which can tackle tidal moving ridge energy and change over it to electricity. Early trial consequences show that one device utilizing this new engineering could be capable of supplying electricity and power to at least one 1000 places and concerns. The large gum elastic tubing is filled wholly with fresh H2O before the terminals are sealed. so that none of the fish or other sea animals decide to do the device place and move in. Tidal wave energy can be a really efficient beginning of power. so that fossil fuels are preserved and there is no future energy crisis. The Anaconda is a device which utilizes the newest engineering available to do tidal beckon energy more feasible than of all time. particularly when it comes to supplying big sums of power in an eco-friendly manner. This new engineering makes imp ortant progresss in tackling power from the tides and the ocean. and farther developments can merely better these progresss and do this renewable power beginning even more attractive. Another promotion in tidal moving ridge energy that was developed by companies concerns the rotary motion ability of the submerged tidal turbines. One of the disadvantages of these turbines is usually that they can merely capture tidal energy from one way. so that when the tide reverses the power is non captured. and is lost alternatively. New equipment introduced can extinguish much of this job. because the climb system uses a swivel. This allows the machine to pivot around and catch the tide even after it reverses. This engineering allows duplicate the tidal moving ridge energy to be captured without increasing costs or necessitating more equipment. More investings are being made in alternate energy companies. and this includes the power which can be derived from the tides and ocean. Further development has besides allowed the stuffs used in the equipment to be the lightest and strongest possible. so that the terrible conditions and sea conditions do non present as big of a menace. The ocean tides offer huge potency for the energy needed by world. and this sector has seen promotions in engineering that make this procedure more cost effectual and efficient. every bit good as environmentally friendly Coevals Of Tidal Energy: Tidal power is extracted from the Earth’s pelagic tides ; tidal forces are periodic fluctuations in gravitative attractive force exerted by heavenly organic structures. These forces create corresponding gestures or currents in the world’s oceans. Due to the strong attractive force to the oceans. a bump in the H2O degree is created. doing a impermanent addition in sea degree. When the sea degree is raised. H2O from the center of the ocean is forced to travel toward the shorelines. making a tide. This happening takes topographic point in an foolproof mode. due to the consistent form of the moon’s orbit around the Earth. The magnitude and character of this gesture reflects the altering places of the Moon and Sun relative to the Earth. the effects of Earth’s rotary motion. and local geographics of the sea floor and coastlines. Tidal power is the lone engineering that draws on energy inherent in the orbital features of the Earth–Moon system. and to a lesser extent in the Earth–Sun system. Other natural energies exploited by human engineering originate straight or indirectly with the Sun. including fossil fuel. conventional hydroelectric. air current. biofuel. moving ridge and solar energy. Nuclear energy makes usage of Earth’s mineral sedimentations of fissile elements. while geothermic power taps the Earth’s internal heat. which comes from a combination of residuary heat from planetal accumulation ( about 20 % ) and heat produced through radioactive decay ( 80 % ) . A tidal generator converts the energy of tidal flows into electricity. Greater tidal fluctuation and higher tidal current speeds can dramatically increase the potency of a site for tidal electricity coevals. Because the Earth’s tides are finally due to gravitative interaction with the Moon and Sun and the Earth’s rotary motion. tidal power is practically unlimited and classified as a renewable energy resource. Movement of tides causes a loss of mechanical energy in the Earth–Moon system: this is a consequence of pumping of H2O through natural limitations around coastlines and attendant syrupy dissipation at the ocean floor and in turbulency. This loss of energy has caused the rotary motion of the Earth to decelerate in the 4. 5 billion old ages since its formation. During the last 620 million old ages the period of rotary motion of the Earth ( length of a twenty-four hours ) has increased from 21. 9 hours to 24 hours in this period the Earth has lost 17 % of its rotational energy. While tidal power may take extra energy from the system. the consequence is negligible and would merely be noticed over 1000000s of old ages. Generation methods: Tidal power can be classified into three bring forthing methods: Tidal watercourse generator Tidal watercourse generators ( or TSGs ) make usage of the kinetic energy of traveling H2O to power turbines. in a similar manner to weave turbines that use air current to power turbines. Some tidal generators can be built into the constructions of bing Bridgess. affecting virtually no aesthetic jobs. Likewise. tidal bridging is a comparatively new promotion that is deriving acknowledgment as a more practical and good manner to bring forth tidal power. Blue Energy Canada is a company that is focused on edifice Bridgess to fit today’s demands. Tidal bombardment Tidal bombardments make usage of the possible energy in the difference in tallness ( or caput ) between high and low tides. When utilizing tidal bombardments to bring forth power. the possible energy from a tide is seized through strategic arrangement of specialised dikes. When the sea degree rises and the tide begins to come in. the impermanent addition in tidal power is channeled into a big basin behind the dike. keeping a big sum of possible energy. With the withdrawing tide. this energy is so converted into mechanical energy as the H2O is released through big turbines that create electrical power though the usage of generators. [ 10 ] Barrages are basically dams across the full breadth of a tidal estuary. Dynamic tidal power Dynamic tidal power ( or DTP ) is an unseasoned but assuring engineering that would work an interaction between possible and kinetic energies in tidal flows. It proposes that really long dike ( for illustration: 30–50 kilometers length ) be built from seashores straight out into the sea or ocean. without enveloping an country. Tidal stage differences are introduced across the dike. taking to a important water-level derived function in shallow coastal seas – having strong coast-parallel hovering tidal currents such as found in the UK. China and Korea. TIDAL POWER TECHNOLOGY: Hydrokinetic tidal power is derived from the transition of the kinetic power in traveling H2O to electricity and depends on the country of H2O intercepted by the device ( a round country for a horizontal axis rotor. rectangular country for a perpendicular axis rotor ) . the regular hexahedron of the H2O speed. and the efficiency at which the device extracts the power in the H2O and converts it to electricity. Mathematically this is described as P = ? ( ? U3A? ) where P is the power generated by the turbine. ? is the denseness of saltwater ( nominally 1024 kg/m3 ) . U is the current speed. A is the country of H2O intercepted by the device. and ? is the water-to-wire efficiency. Harnessing Tidal Wave Energy with Push Home plates The Theme of Concept: Subject of construct is to tackle the kinetic energy within the flow of H2O without utilizing the conventional methods like H2O wheel or other types of turbines. With some alterations this can be a beginning of bring forthing clean energy from tidal moving ridges. [ movie ] Tidal power issues: Ecological Tidal power can hold effects on marine life. The turbines can by chance kill swimming sea life with the revolving blades. Some fish may no longer use the country if they were threatened with a changeless rotating object. Corrosion: Salt H2O causes corrosion in metal parts. It can be hard to keep tidal watercourse generators due to their size and deepness in the H2O. Mechanical fluids. such as lubricators. can leak out. which may be harmful to the marine life nearby. Proper care can minimise the sum of harmful chemicals that may come in the environment. Decision: The first survey of big graduated table tidal power workss was by the US Federal Power Commission in 1924 which would hold been located if built in the northern boundary line country of the US province of Maine and the south eastern boundary line country of the Canadian state of New Brunswick. with assorted dikes. human dynamos and ship locks enveloping the Bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy Bay ( note: see map in mention ) . Nothing came of the survey and it is unknown whether Canada had been approached about the survey by the US Federal Power Commission. There was besides a study on the international committee in April 1961 entitled Investigation of the International Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project produced by both the US and Canadian Federal Governments. Harmonizing to profit to costs ratios. the undertaking was good to the US but non to Canada. A main road system along the top of the dike was envisioned every bit good. A survey was commissioned by the Canadian. Nova Scotian and New Brunswick Governments ( Reassessment of Fundy Tidal Power ) to find the potency for tidal bombardments at Chignecto Bay and Minas Basin – at the terminal of the Fundy Bay estuary. There were three sites determined to be financially executable: Shepody Bay ( 1550 MW ) . Cumberline Basin ( 1085 MW ) and Cobequid Bay ( 3800 MW ) . These were neer built despite their evident feasibleness in 1977. REFERANCES: Books: Dorf. Richard ( 1981 ) . The Energy Factbook Evans. Robert ( 2007 ) . Fueling Our Future: An Introduction to Sustainable Energy Chang. Jen ( 2008 ) . Hydrodynamic Modeling and Feasibility Web sites: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. alternative-energy-news. info/technology/hydro/tidal-power/ hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tidal_energy hypertext transfer protocol: //americansecurityproject. org/blog/2012/tidal-energy-comes-to-the-us/

Wedges Gamble essays

Wedges Gamble essays Book Report: Star Wars: X-Wing: Wedges Gamble Lieutenant Corran Horn: The main character of the book. Hes an ex-security man (a police force called CorSec) from the planet Corellia. Finally after going through the galaxy under aliases he joins Rogue Squadron to fight the Empire. He fights for freedom, but his main vendetta is more personal. He went into CorSec because his father did before him. An Imperial Intelligence Officer was also stationed there that had authority over that CorSec office. When he and his father were in a cantina in Corellia, his father was shot and killed before his very eyes. Corran hunted the murderers down and apprehended them. However the Imperial Intelligence Officer in charge, Kirtan Loor, freed them. Since then Corran had no respect for the Empire. He is the best pilot in the squadron, except for Wedge Antilles and Tycho Celchu. He proves to be resourceful and an excellent fighter pilot. Hes got a resourceful R2 droid, nicknamed Whistler, too. Commander Wedge Antilles: The leader of Rogue Squadron. He formed the squadron with Luke Skywalker after the first Death Star was destroyed, since he and Luke were the only X-wing pilots left after the battle. He proves to be a strong leader knowing how to treat his squadron. Since Rogue Squadron is known to be a threat to the Empire so he has to train his pilots to be the very best. Hes highly charismic. Sometimes has a rough time with a few of his superiors. He is the best pilot in the squadron. He has survived countless battles and entanglements with Imperial ships and fighters. He had to reform the squadron because only 4 of the original pilots remained since Luke and Wedge formed the squadron. Luke went to start reforming the Jedi. The other two went to go train other squadrons. Wedge is now faced with the problem of liberating Coruscant. He forges a commando- ...

Mental Lexicon Definition and Examples in English

Mental Lexicon Definition and Examples in English In psycholinguistics, a persons internalized knowledge of the properties of words. Also known as a mental dictionary. There are various definitions of mental lexicon. In their book The Mental Lexicon: Core Perspectives (2008), Gonia Jarema and Gary Libben attempt this definition: The mental lexicon is the cognitive system that constitutes the capacity for conscious and unconscious lexical activity. The term mental lexicon was introduced by R.C. Oldfield in the article Things, Words and the Brain (Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, v. 18, 1966). Examples and Observations The fact that a speaker can mentally find the word that he/she wants in less than 200 milliseconds, and in certain cases, even before it is heard, is proof that the mental lexicon is ordered in such a way as to facilitate access and retrieval.(Pamela B. Faber and Ricardo Mairal Usà ³n, Constructing a Lexicon of English Verbs. Walter de Gruyter, 1999)The Dictionary Metaphor- What is this mental dictionary, or lexicon, like? We can conceive of it as similar to a printed dictionary, that is, as consisting of pairings of meanings with sound representations. A printed dictionary has listed at each entry a pronunciation of the word and its definition in terms of other words. In a similar fashion, the mental lexicon must represent at least some aspects of the meaning of the word, although surely not in the same way as does a printed dictionary; likewise, it must include information about the pronunciation of the word although, again, probably not in the same form as an ordinary dictionary. (D. Fay and A. Cutler, Malapropisms and the Structure of the Mental Lexicon. Linguistic Inquiry, 1977)- The  human  word-store is often referred to as the mental dictionary  or, perhaps more commonly, as the  mental  lexicon, to use the Greek word for dictionary. There is, however, relatively little similarity between the words in our minds and the words in book dictionaries, even though the information will sometimes overlap. . . .[E]ven if the mental lexicon turns out to be partially organised in terms of initial sounds, the order will certainly not be straightforwardly alphabetical. Other aspects of the words sound structure, such as its ending, its stress pattern and the stressed vowel, are all likely to play a role in the arrangement of words in the mind.Furthermore, consider a speech error such as The inhabitants of the car were unhurt. where the speaker presumably meant to say passengers rather than inhabitants. Such mistakes show that, unlike book  dictionaries, human  mental dictionaries  cannot be organized solely on the basis of sounds or spelling. Meaning must be taken into consideration as well, since humans fairly often confuse words with similar meanings, as in Please hand me the tin-opener when the speaker wants to crack a nut, so must have meant nut-crackers.(Jean Aitchison,  Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003) An Australians Mental LexiconEven with hard yakka, youve got Buckleys of understanding this dinkum English sentence, unless youre an Aussie.An Australian has no difficulty understanding the above sentence, while other English speakers might struggle. The words yakka, Buckleys, and dinkum are in the vocabulary of most Australians, that is, they are stored as entries in the mental lexicon, and therefore an Australian has access to the meanings of these words and can consequently comprehend the sentence. If one possessed no mental lexicon, communication through language would be precluded.(Marcus Taft, Reading and the Mental Lexicon. Psychology Press, 1991)

Culture and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture and Morality - Essay Example While in the past, we were swayed to consider that â€Å"the ways of England are the ways of the world†, contemporary societies maintain that all cultures are virtuous and deserve respect. However, with the United States, the prime crusader of democracy, rising to power, the human rights and justice are emphasized to a higher degree, and instigated criticisms toward various cultures that violate their perception of morality. Unacceptable Cultures Many constitutions in this modern time propagate equality of people under the law. Although it is inevitable that an individual’s social status determines its reputation, equal opportunities are still provided amongst citizens in almost all aspects of life. Over time, practices deemed unacceptable are abolished; and acts that counter to peace and human rights are penalized. Apartheid, or the racial segregation enforced by the National Party of South Africa for almost 50 years was completely removed, granting independence to the marginalized black residents. Similarly, the American Civil War during the early 1860’s eradicated black slavery and started the struggle for egalitarianism between the two colors. These practices that many protested against and sacrificed their lives for obliteration of, were inherited from the cultures of our forefathers. These may have lessened considerably, but the state of mind is not entirely changed. Moreover, other cultures regarded as repugnant are still existent. The Indian Caste System The caste system that separates society in terms of profession is prevalent among the Hindus despite contentions that such is not compelled in the scriptures but merely directed by the religion. Birth alone decides a man’s status, and this cannot be altered by effort (Pruthi, 2004). They are not permitted to marry, associate and mingle with anyone outside their caste; and if excommunicated, live as an outcaste, utterly separate from the rest. In this modern time, however, mor e and more cities are diverting away from the system in view that such is a deterrent to unity amongst citizens (Welty 1962). As new opportunity that calls for cultural reformation presents itself to India, people will respond either out of rationality or necessity. In that sense, Indians of academic superiority are presumed more receptive to new influences compared to the rest. Terrorism and the Concept of Jihad On September 11, 2001, an American aircraft crashed into the Pentagon, another into the World Trade Center’s north and south tower, and killed approximately three hundred thousand people. The names Osama Bin Laden and al-Qaeda were heard for the first time (Katz, 2004), and intensified the long-standing antagonism between Muslims and the West. This was argued as a practice of â€Å"jihad†, which meant holy war, directed against the enemies of Islam. Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed able to give them vic tory; those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah (Sura 22:39). Jihad finds its origin not only in the â€Å"militancy of Muhammad but in the culture of pre-Islamic Arabia† (Ankerberg and Caner, 2009, p. 15). In the past, Arabian tribes were consented to battle against any other tribe, and war was tolerable regardless of its nature. The soldiers of the new jihad assumed the tradition and embarked on violent assaults, â€Å"

On the basis of the facts as contained in this summary, in your view Essay

On the basis of the facts as contained in this summary, in your view does Palestine meet the criteria for statehood at public in - Essay Example The case of Palestine’s inability to attain statehood in the eye of international law so far is touted to be due to political reasons rather than legally justified reasons. In the light of this scenario and the BBC News report iii, this paper examines whether Palestine meets the criteria for statehood at public international law. The Montevideo Convention’s article of statehood is a restatement or codification of ideas prevalent at the time of its inception iv. Emergence of a State Vattel defines state as a â€Å"political body, or society of men, united together†v for â€Å"promotion of their mutual safety and advantage† viwith the use of â€Å"their common force† viiwhich Wheaton adds to his definition saying that members of any political society subjecting themselves by voluntary obedience to a leadership gave rise to emergence of a sovereign state in the past. Power to control was key to emergence of a state. According to Lorimerviii, a putative state that deserves statehood should be recognized as such by other states and in turn it should have the power and the will to recognize others. Lorimer’s idea of mutual recognition proposed in 1883 has been followed by many states. The modern thinking therefore suggests that legal existence of a state depends upon its ability to control a land and its population. This view came to be well know by the early 20th century which Hall, a publicist described as â€Å"the marks of an independent State are , that the community constituting it is permanently established for a political end, that it possesses a defined territory, and that it is independent of external control†ix. The publicist emphasized on territory and permanent control over the territory. Thus, he dismissed â€Å"a fugacious†x people as not qualified to be a state. Thus Montevideo’s ideas of a state draw heavily from the Hall’s ideas of a state. These aspects of declaratory model of a state held recognition merely as an acknowledgement of an existing state opposed to a constitutive model which held recognition as an essential requirement to make a state.xi Recognition As stated elsewhere, recognition is central to statehood. Thus, an entity aspiring to become a state must be recognized as such by those who are already regarded as states. If an entity must function as a state, it must enjoy acceptance of other states. Yet, some entities manage to function as states with skeleton contacts with other states. Rhodesia functioned as a state on its own from 1965 to 1980 which major states did not approve of holding that it was in violation of international standards. It has been argued that if an entity is endowed with all the attributes of a state, it is still a state even if the rest of the world or other states refuse to accept the entity as a state.xii Treatment of recognition as a precondition for statehood has been still evolving as James Crawford has observed th at recognition is not strictly a

What major problems did European States face in the fourteenth century Essay

What major problems did European States face in the fourteenth century - Essay Example The population of Europe had reduced by a half by the time the 15th Century set in as compared to the mid 1300s. The problem of this Black Death plague affected Europe in that there was shortage of labor since smaller portions of land were under cultivation. Due to the shortage of labor the serfs got a vantage position when it came to bargaining their wages since they were in high demand. In reaction to this, the governments tried to control the wages by fixing them. However, this was all in vain since the predicament of labor shortage continued to persist. Serfs would simply offer their services to the landlords who would be ready to pay higher wages as opposed to those who stuck to the system set by the government. Numerous peasants called for the society’s restructuring and there was the demanding of a bit of democracy as well as the stoppage of aristocratic privileges and rights. After the dismissal of these demands for a better lifestyle by the nobility there was a great loss as regards the commoners. There was fiasco everywhere in Europe and thus the Rebellion in France and England in years 1358 and 1381 respectively were just a shadow of the real deal. All the rebellions were not a success. The separation of the manor approach to agriculture started as a result of the rebellions, though. The land rent system took over and the subsequent period after that had the peasant’s freedom recognized. The system is still there in the day-to-day Europe. However, the demand by the peasants to own their land resulted to a lot of migration to other areas like Australia, Russia, Americas and Africa. Land was never adequate and thus sharing it among sons would lead to decisions that were not economically feasible. High wage levels led to a rise in inflation levels and for survival purposes the small commercial and manufacturing classes made an attempt to maintain the position that

Formative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Formative - Essay Example For all these reasons, television is a good source of health information. There has been a remarkable reduction in diseases and an overarching improvement in the living standards of people all over the world in general and in the advanced countries in particular ever since the introduction of television in the society. â€Å"Among the nations that receive the greatest amounts of international assistance in health, education, child rights, ecology and the environment, many now contain 20 to 40 million or more individuals who regularly see TV† (Palmer). Television has helped raise awareness about behaviors and practices that are unhygienic. The programs, television shows, and documentaries shown on television not only educate people on the factors causing diseases, but also create awareness about the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of contracting diseases. Television has promoted health information on a variety of levels. People are educated not only through shows and documentaries, but also the ads supporting those shows create a wealth of information for the audience. Even a milk ad starts with how bones need calcium, how bones lose strength with age, and what nutrients are essential for the bones to maintain their density and strength as one ages. Then the ad suggests the consumption of milk of a certain brand because it contains those essential minerals and nutrients that bones need. Many ads also refer to reliable research results in an attempt to support their claims. Some of the best sources of health information are exercise and yoga practices that are described in the television shows. People can follow the trainers without having to pay them or leave their homes to join a training center. This makes it very convenient as well as cost-effective for them to do exercise daily. Such shows have a huge impact on the audiences’ perceptions of health and fitness because they can see

World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World History - Essay Example The series of revolutions saw rise of the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, leading to independence of America hence formation of the United States of America (USA) from British colonization. These revolutionary wars a protest against the tyrannical rule of the British and were led by General Washington and his army. The French Revolution also emanated during this period between 1789 and 1799 in which absolute monarchies were replaced by democracies and republics hence strengthening of France (Strayer, 2013). Although causes of the French revolution are still debatable up to date, issues revolving around taxation schemes and inequality were dominant factors. Napoleonic wars took center stage and the fall of major monarchies set stage for modern nations sparking new revolutions such as in Russia. The period between 1790 and 1804 saw the rise of Haitian Revolution leading to the independence of Haiti. Haitian Revolution is quite significant in the world history especially since it was the only slave revolution that experienced victory and led to formation of an independent state. The revolution had begun with the black African slaves who opposed the French leadership and after years of struggle defeated the French at the Battle of Vertià ¨res in 1903. All the revolutions that sprung during Atlantic Revolution period were arguably facilitated by the knowledge and need of sovereignty and freedom. As such, the revolutions were mostly orchestrated by the emergent elite group of people in the various societies that saw the need for equality and that no particular group of people deserved to be oppressed. Moreover, attempts to exert more oppression invoked the need for democratic leadership where people choose leaders from among themselves. Additionally, people realized that there was power inherent in unity and will of the people capable to change the course of leadership. For example, the French went

Jeffrey Garten speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jeffrey Garten speech - Essay Example Unemployment in the US was last reported at 9.60% as of September 2010, a record high, as compared to 5.40% unemployment rate since 1948 to 2010, with exception of 1953 that has a low 2.53% (Trading Economics, 2010). Perhaps, the reduction of employment is the meaning of cultural change to Professor Garten because lifestyle and spending behavior of people greatly changes with unemployment problem. A host of problems appeared because of the recent financial crisis such that the US took trade liberalization and deregulation to bail its sinking economy. Professor Garten acknowledged the presence of the emerging countries that share in the wealth distribution of the world economy. In his speech, he identified China, India and Brazil as the countries that are now restructuring their economies in the market line of technology transfers, trade opportunities and foreign direct investments. These countries have their own model of capitalism because of their own powerhouse, large base of resources, big population and large markets. As these countries offered trade liberalization, business opportunities are now open for employers to enter into trade relations in this country. Because of this, investors have other options for trade opportunities other than U.S. For example, India has been the preferred outsource call centers in many parts of the globe (Call Centers in India, n.d.) In this respect, companies and individuals must be ready to adapt to this changing economy. In order to take advantage of the emerging economy, companies must also think globally and be equipped with proper strategies needed. By doing so, its own employees will also absorb the economic changes that is brought about by technology transfers. Following the trend of Professor Gartner’s speech, he is correct in saying that there will come a time that these emerging countries will have their own rule to play because of the importance of their role in the economy, and

World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World History - Essay Example The series of revolutions saw rise of the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, leading to independence of America hence formation of the United States of America (USA) from British colonization. These revolutionary wars a protest against the tyrannical rule of the British and were led by General Washington and his army. The French Revolution also emanated during this period between 1789 and 1799 in which absolute monarchies were replaced by democracies and republics hence strengthening of France (Strayer, 2013). Although causes of the French revolution are still debatable up to date, issues revolving around taxation schemes and inequality were dominant factors. Napoleonic wars took center stage and the fall of major monarchies set stage for modern nations sparking new revolutions such as in Russia. The period between 1790 and 1804 saw the rise of Haitian Revolution leading to the independence of Haiti. Haitian Revolution is quite significant in the world history especially since it was the only slave revolution that experienced victory and led to formation of an independent state. The revolution had begun with the black African slaves who opposed the French leadership and after years of struggle defeated the French at the Battle of Vertià ¨res in 1903. All the revolutions that sprung during Atlantic Revolution period were arguably facilitated by the knowledge and need of sovereignty and freedom. As such, the revolutions were mostly orchestrated by the emergent elite group of people in the various societies that saw the need for equality and that no particular group of people deserved to be oppressed. Moreover, attempts to exert more oppression invoked the need for democratic leadership where people choose leaders from among themselves. Additionally, people realized that there was power inherent in unity and will of the people capable to change the course of leadership. For example, the French went

Florence kelleys speech on child labor Essay Example for Free

Florence kelleys speech on child labor Essay In Florence Kelley’s speech to the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she connects with her audience and encourages them to fight for the end of child labor by showing how horrifying it truly it is. Through bringing up the horrors of child labor, she implies that women need the right to vote, as they would abolish child labor. By appealing to pathos, using imagery, and applying repetition, Kelley successfully convinces the audience to agree that child labor is wrong. Through appealing to pathos, Kelley connects with the audience’s conscience by showing how barbaric child labor and pushes her audience to desire the end of child labor. By stating that children â€Å"in age from six and seven years and eight, nine, and ten years†, work to provide for their families and themselves, Kelley strikes a chord in the listeners’ hearts and shows how this system takes advantage of young kids. This shows the monstrosity that is child labor as they are so young. As she writes that â€Å"boys and girls, after their 14th birthday, enjoy the pitiful privilege of working all night long†, Kelley shows that working all night is like forcing children into slavery. With the oxymoron â€Å"pitiful privilege†, she shows ironic it is that when a child has an important birthday, they are jokingly rewarded with longer work hours. Kelley connects with the audiences’ emotions as she shows how unjust it is to make children work as hard and as long as adults do. By describing the children as â€Å"little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us†, Kelley makes the audience feel guilty for allowing child labor to be a common occurrence within America. By utilizing pathos, Kelley connects with her audience through proving how horrendous child labor is and calls them to action to rid America of it. Kelley also uses imagery to convince the audience that child labor is horrendous and should come to an end by vividly describing the working conditions that the child laborers go through and how young these workers truly are. She describes the children as, â€Å"just tall enough to reach the bobbins†, which brings to the audience’s mind an image of an innocent girl forced into working at such a young age. As she describes the harsh factory working conditions the children face, she points out, â€Å"the deafening noise of spindles and the looms spinning†. By using such descriptive imagery, Kelley transports the audience to the rooms where little children are suffering and working. Through placing these unforgettable images in her audience’s mind, she causes them to realize the unfairness and horror of child labor which they will never be able to forget. Another rhetorical device Kelley uses to convince her audience that child labor is a monstrosity is a repetition of certain phrases. Through repetition, Kelley pushes her words and facts into her audience’s head leaving them no room to deny the unfairness of child labor. Throughout her speech, Kelley repeatedly starts paragraphs with, â€Å"in (certain state)†. By doing this, she is able to state facts on child labor laws in certain states; showing that though there are laws on child labor, they are still extremely unreasonable and unfair. This shows the audience that child labor is very real and though they do not witness it, these kids make their items of comfort. She also repeats the phrase â€Å"while we sleep†. This repetition highlights that children work through the night, but more importantly, it implies that this occurs while everyone else is relaxing and sleeping soundly in their beds. By showing that children are forced to work extremely hard, the audience is left horrified. By utilizing repetition, Kelley successfully imprints the facts of child labor and its’ unfairness in the listener’s mind. In Kelley’s speech, she appeals to the audience’s conscience and emotions, paints vivid imagery, and uses repetition to call others to fight to end child labor as it is a horrendous occurrence.

Influence Of Hard Rock Music Media Essay

Influence Of Hard Rock Music Media Essay Hard rock music is a type of music that is characterized by heavy use of drums, bass and electric guitar. The music is observed to have its origin in the United States and United Kingdom in 1960s. Susan (2001), and Andrew (2007), indicate that the music has borrowed its style from the other music such as rock music, rock and roll and blues rock music. The music is characterized to be so loud and aggressive. It was sometimes called cock rock because historically, it has been played by the male species to emphasize masculinity. Its crowd is usually made of the adolescent whites who are of working class. In the late 1096s, hard rock was also referred to as heavy metal but the term did not last long as bands came up with distinctions between the two types of rock music. It was noted that heavy metal was played at higher volume, pitch and intensity than the hard rock music. In the early 1970s the heavy metal took the darker side and developed some minor genres such as hard core punk and extreme metal, and this characteristics differentiated the two types of music. In the mid 1960s, the American British Bands made the efforts to make some modifications in the rock and roll music. They introduced heavier guitar use, more loud and bombastic drumming and hard sounds on the standard music and this made it different from soft blues. Examples of the hard rock music that were developed include (I cant get no) satisfaction which was sang by the Rolling Stones in 1965, You really got me bad sang by the Kinks in the year 1964 and My who sang by Who in the year 1965. From the above discoveries, it was now possible to differentiate the music as either hard or soft music. Soft music involved more emphasis on the harmony of the song and its melody but hard music had more emphasis put on the instruments that accompanied the music and melody (Mick and Gianni, 2003). Some of the bands that emerged to sing this type of music includes; Blue Cheer, Iron Butterfly, Vanilla Fudge and MC5. As time passed on, more bands were developed and other even mixed the two types of music (mixed early rock bands music and hard blue rocks). Examples of such bands included the Led Zeppelin, Judas Priest and Black Sabbath. In the year 1972, Alice Cooper received credit on producing top ten hard rock albums in the United States. In the year 1974 onwards to 1975, some bands from Canada came up with distinctively hard rock music and released albums (with songs such as fly by night, caress of steel and rush) that were played in Britain and United States. Glen et al (2006) noted that the music continued to be modified by more bands that emerged afterwards until there was a differentiation between heavy metal music and hard rock music. In the 1990s, the hard rock music became so dominant in the United States charts. In the year 2000s, Peter (2003), observed that very few bands from 1970s and 1990s had managed to survive recording hard music. Some of the existing bands that survived into the 2000 era and onwards include; Bon Jovi, Aerosmith, The Who and The Black Sabbath. The era has also seen the emergence of more rock genres such as post punk, metal genres and the garage rock music and bands like Wolfmother. Influence of hard rock music According to Smith and Boyson (2002), music has been seen to be one of a factor that has consequential effects to the one listening. Majorly, it is assumed that those who listen to rock music are harsh, aggressive and arrogant in real life. Masling (2002) indicates that most parents and society norms warn their adolescents against listening to rock music. However, this is not always the case as is to be seen. Although hard rock music is observed to initiate violence in individuals, Masling (2002), noted that most of the rock music melodies contained a message that could change someones lifestyle. He noted that most of rock music feature on love and peace as its main themes. Rock musicians have been known to talk about social issues that affect a nation or its citizens. Some of inspiring songs were heard during the Vietnam War and the songs were sang musicians such as Bob Dylan and John Lennon. Susan (2001) noted that most of the songs had protests message against violence and encoura ged people to kip the environment clean. Some of them have even undertaken the responsibility to perform charity services and at the same time preaching the message using their songs (Glen, 2006). Glen (2006), has also noted that some rock music have been developed and they posses strong Christian values. However, a few Christians are still against the music claiming that the beats and styles used are immoral, satanic and are too sensual to be listened in the church. Thus, according to them, any song that is in the Rock, Reggae or Hip-hop genre is satanic regardless of the lyrics in the music. It has been estimated that violence acts and aggression are can be found in almost 70% of rock music and raps (Barongan and Nagayama, 2005). There were also evidence that most people who listened to these types of music displayed violent behaviors to their spouses (women especially). According to Nicholas and Dibben (2001), a brief exposure to a violent music video or listening to the music for just 10 minutes would change the emotions of an individual. Most of the percentage have been said to change the person negatively. An archival research performed by Atkin et al (2002), indicated that listening and watching to rock music attributed to more violence, aggressiveness and use of explicit language. Emotionally, Nicholas and Dibben (2001), depicts that soft music invokes a positive thought in an individual while listening to a hard rock music invokes negative emotions. According to Atkin et al (2002), some rock singers confuse its singers by the lyrics they compose. He noted that some famous musicians contradicted themselves when they released a song that illustrated non-existence of God, meaning they are atheist in nature. This can be influential to their fans that may end up believing in what they sing about. An example is John Lennon who sang the song Imagin (the song described that the world would be a better place without religion). American Psychological Association (2002) observed that most rock musicians love being identified as unique and standing out. Most of them isolate themselves and even use drugs to make their life different from a normal individual. Most of the musicians depict a lifestyle that is characterized by drugs and sex. They were known to attract attention of young girls groupies who later developed to become prostitutes as a result. They were also characterized by a hard drinking habits and lack of order in what they do. Masling (2002) depicts that the bands were influential to the young youths who still were naÃÆ'Â ¯ve and they followed everything they saw and heard. Some bands used satanic imageries and this influenced the viewers too. As they appreciate their stars, they also appreciate the images they use in their music. To conclude, music is defined by the type of message and comfort one derives after listening to it. Todays society is not happy with the hard rock music and its effects. From above explanations, it is noted that hard rock music has more harm than good to our society. It is the responsibility of parents and the community to educate their children on the need to watch out on the type of music they listen to as it may have permanent effects in their lives.

Male Body Image Essay -- Media Self Image

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Body image is what you believe about your physical appearance. Images of beautiful men and women are displayed everywhere from billboards to television advertisements. Fortunately, everyone does not look the same. Looking at models and movie stars often can create a negative self image of oneself in relation to these images. Approximately 46 percent of men of normal weight think about how they look constantly or frequently (Cloud, 46). The emergence of men’s new obsession with body image is connected to pressures from the media, plastic surgeons, and peers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media plays a primary role in the mushrooming fascination between men and their body image. An article in the New York Times said, â€Å"G.I. Joes have morphed over the last three decades into muscle-bound hunks that can harm the self-esteem of boys...† (Santelmo). Kids are more likely to develop a hero from someone close to them or someone they know about. Why not look up to the 26.8 inch biceps of the G.I. Joe Extreme? There have also been an increasing number of sleek male magazines. Included are photos of male models wearing only boxers or briefs which have 6-pack abs and a broad chest. Similar to the latest G.I. Joe, extreme bodybuilders are also a popular commodity of the magazines, flexing and grinning with barbarian-sized muscles. The common male might say, â€Å"I want to look like that.† The concept of these images is not entertainment, but is influence towards a ridiculous ultimatum, like â€Å"I have to be in s... Male Body Image Essay -- Media Self Image   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Body image is what you believe about your physical appearance. Images of beautiful men and women are displayed everywhere from billboards to television advertisements. Fortunately, everyone does not look the same. Looking at models and movie stars often can create a negative self image of oneself in relation to these images. Approximately 46 percent of men of normal weight think about how they look constantly or frequently (Cloud, 46). The emergence of men’s new obsession with body image is connected to pressures from the media, plastic surgeons, and peers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media plays a primary role in the mushrooming fascination between men and their body image. An article in the New York Times said, â€Å"G.I. Joes have morphed over the last three decades into muscle-bound hunks that can harm the self-esteem of boys...† (Santelmo). Kids are more likely to develop a hero from someone close to them or someone they know about. Why not look up to the 26.8 inch biceps of the G.I. Joe Extreme? There have also been an increasing number of sleek male magazines. Included are photos of male models wearing only boxers or briefs which have 6-pack abs and a broad chest. Similar to the latest G.I. Joe, extreme bodybuilders are also a popular commodity of the magazines, flexing and grinning with barbarian-sized muscles. The common male might say, â€Å"I want to look like that.† The concept of these images is not entertainment, but is influence towards a ridiculous ultimatum, like â€Å"I have to be in s...

Fighting for Equality and Freedom Essay -- American History Civil Righ

Across all nations and cultures, the enduring pursuit of equality in life seems global and timeless. Some would believe that their own country has achieved a true democracy with no residual inequalities of which to speak, while others know they are at the other end of the spectrum, enduring unjust laws that should not be bestowed on any human. Through the course of history many countries have fought for that democracy and all the equality that it implies. While some believe they have reached that goal, others continue to fight for the most basic human rights, even in this time of enlightenment. The journey each country takes on its road to that place may vary by origination, length, severity and outcome, but the goal seems to be the same. Looking at two such journeys through the writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. in his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† and from an excerpt of Aung San Suu Kyi’s In Quest of Democracy, the underlying theme of equality is thoug htfully penned with examples universally recognizable from each of their own perspectives, respectfully acknowledging their own histories, religions, and obstacles to illuminate the path toward that common goal of a just society despite unjust laws. In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail,† King’s detailed writings demonstrate his understanding of the need to painstakingly explain his position to those controlling the unequal democracy under which he was being detained at that time. Even while writing of the history of his people as slaves, King skillfully avoids coming across as just another complainer, laying out the blunt truth as it was. He calls upon history to show that this never should have been in the first place, referencing the New Testament of the Bible ... ...rom suffering under unjust laws imposed by unfair rulers. Two people at different ages in their lives, different stages in their quests, of different histories and religions, one black, one Asian, one male, one female, with one goal for all. While Suu Kyi may one day be in a position to continue her fight, sadly the world lost King too soon. Their examples, as documented in their writings, of persistence, perseverance, and grounding in what is good and just for all mankind should be followed by all, to be benefited from by all. Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail.† Reading the World: Ideas that Matter. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2007. 173-187. Print. Suu Kyi, Aung San. â€Å"From ‘In Quest of Democracy.’† Reading the World: Ideas that Matter. Ed. Michael Austin New York: Norton, 2007. 191-196. Print.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Valuable Knowledge

Education is generally regarded as a means of gaining valuable knowledge. However, it may actually be more destructive than constructive to others. This dangerous aspect of education is vividly shown in Mary Shelley†s Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein†s misfortunes start from the moment he discovers Cornelius object into life again. The creation of the daemon is result of his efforts. Little does he know the consequences of his creation and the responsibilities that follow. In Frankenstein, Shelley attempts to portray how Frankentein†s dangerous education from books influences his strong ambition and causes him to ignore responsibilities afterwards. Frankenstein learns most of his knowledge from the books that he reads, but these are of the unusual kind. At the young age of thirteen, he is first exposed to the works of Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus who are â€Å"†¦ ancient teachers of [Chemistry]† (p. 40). He becomes quite fascinated with his findings and begins his experiment on the basis of these books. If he had not stumbled across these books, he would not have created the daemon. It is too late when he realizes this– he has already gone mad. For this he blames his father. When he had first discovered Agrippa, he had told his father, but he merely shunned the book. † ‘My dear Victor, do not waste your time upon this; it is sad trash† (p. 30). â€Å"If. . . my father had taken the pains to explain to me that the principles of Agrippa had been entirely exploded, and that a modern system of science had been introduced. . . I should have certainly have thrown Agrippa aside, and have contented my imagination. . . by returning with greater ardour to my former studies† (p. 30). Had his father shielded him from the contents of Agrippa†s book as well the others, Frankenstein would not have fallen prey to the fateful education of such works. Frankenstein†s strong ambition also plays a role in throwing off his reasoning. He had first thought of the plan of the creation when his mother died. The books he reads reinforces his thoughts. Since then, he obsesses with the thought that he â€Å"†¦ could bestow animation upon lifeless matter†¦ † (p. 48) and maybe even â€Å"†¦ renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption† (p. 48). His strong passion for knowledge alters his reasoning. The knowledge he learns and the resulting project are so immense that he soon forgets about his surroundings and the people around him. â€Å"And the same feelings which made me neglect the scenes around me caused me also to forget those friends who were so many miles absent, and whom I had not seen for so long a time† (p. 49). Frankenstein's education isolates him from the real world rather than brings him closer to the people he loves. Unfortunately, Frankenstein†s education does not prepare him for the obligations involved in such a creation. Rather than teaching him the way of life, he abandons him. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room†¦ † (p. 52). The daemon is left all alone and must fend for himself in this strange world. When Frankenstein refuses to create a mate for him, he is full rage and vows revenge by killing his lived ones. If he had known the responsibilities following his creation, he might not have created the daemon in the first place. Ironically, Frankenstein†s passion for the knowledge of giving life to an inanimate human suddenly turns into terror. The same education that interested him now frightens him and turns him mad. â€Å"But I was in reality ery ill; and surely nothing but the unbounded and unremitting attentions of my friend could have restored me to life† (p. 56). Mary Shelley vividly shows how Frankenstein†s education is potentially dangerous. The knowledge he learns from certain books fatefully leads him away from the world, throwing off reasoning. He turns into a madman following his creation of the daemon. Many misfortunes result from him running away from that same wisdom and ignoring the responsibilities regarding the daemon. The perilous education which he engages in causes his unbalanced and eccentric nature, and ultimately causes his downfall.

Unit 12 Btec P1 – Task P1A

P1 – Describe the role internet marketing has in a modern marketing context using selected organisations as examples Internet marketing has played an important role as a means of advertising. All types of businesses have benefited from internet marketing when it comes to cost, relationship building and sales. Instantly millions of people can have access to a company, its products or services, and this can be done at any time anywhere in the world. Usually communication is done via e-mail reducing costs in telephone calls as well. And this benefits not only businesses which do not need to spend large sums of money on traditional ways of advertising but also benefits consumers who do not need to make telephone calls to know more about a company and its products or services; it is possible to find out everything with a few clicks. Internet marketing is also used to close deals which make the process easier and cheaper for the business and the customer. Even a mobile phone contract deal can be done via internet nowadays. Internet marketing also helps targeting overseas clients as products or services easily reach customers anywhere in the world through internet marketing. Relationship building is also one of the reasons why businesses use internet marketing; this can be done through e-mails received to update customers with latest products, services or news; another way to build good relationship with customers is by offering them services that can be done online without the hassle of going out to resolve an issue. One example is online banking where banks offer customers the facility of cancelling direct debits, make payments or transfers within minutes.

Andrew Jackson Sectionalism

Sometimes when a ruling authority decide what they think is the â€Å"best† for their country, sectionalism evolves. Sectionalismisloyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than the nation as a whole. In simple words,it means one would only strive toimprove their town or area, rather than improving the country. An example of sectionalism would be during Andrew Jackson’s presidency. The decisions made during Jackson’s president caused sectionalism itself to manifest. Signs of sectionalism showed after Congress released the Tariff of 1828, the vetoing of the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States, and Jackson refusing to admit Texas as a state. The Tariff of 1828 was a major factor that contributed to the emerging sectional conflicts during Andrew Jackson’s presidency. Passed by Congress in 1828, it was aimed to protect the booming industries in the north and tax the south on imported goods such as wool, fur, liquor, etc. The South was angry at paying a high amount on imported goods, since it harmed their economy. As a result, South Carolina threatened secession from the Union. Congress, hoping to make things work better for the south, issued the Tariff of 1832, lowering the tariff down to 35% with a reduction of 10%, but the southerners still thought this was not enough. So it led to the Nullification Crisis of 1832; the South Carolinians said the Tariff of 1832 was unconstitutional, declaring it to be a void. Jackson, angry about this whole conflict, issued a proclamation against S. C. in which Governor Hayne from S. C. eleased a counter-proclamation, causing sectional tensions to be lurking around the corners. This whole conflicted ended when Henry Clay proposed a compromise bill that would reduce the Tariff of 1832 by about 10% over a period of eight years, so that by 1842 the rates would be down to 20% to 25%. Andrew Jackson vetoing the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States proved sectionalism to be emerging. Jackson and the westerners saw the BUS as a tool of the rich to get ric her, but to the easterners, it was a great institution that reduced bank failures secured their funds. The vetoing of the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States started when Henry Clay deployed a strategy hoping to bring Jackson’s popularity down so then he can hopefully win the next presidential election. He presented Jackson a bill for the re-chartering of the BUS that was four years early. The point of this was if Jackson signed it, he would lose supporters from the west and south, and if he vetoed it, he would lose the support from the elite and wealthy people of the East. However, the people from the east were now a minority and they fearedJackson. Jackson vetoed the re-charter bill, scorning the BUS to be unconstitutional, which aligned the west against the East. Sectionalism emerged between the north and the south when Jackson refused to admit Texas as a state. After Texas gained its independence from Santa Anna in 1836, many of the Texans wanted to become part of the Union, but the slavery issue wouldn’t allow this. If Texas was to be admitted to the Union, then that means there would be 13 slave states and 12 free states, breaking the whole point of the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise called for all states above the 36 degree 30 line to be free, and the states under that line would be slave states, bringing a fair balance between slave states and free states. The Northerners were uneasy with Texas since they didn’t want Texas to be admitted to the Union, otherwise there would be more slave states than free. During Andrew Jackson’s presidency, tensions between the south, west, and north emerged causing sectionalism. Sectionalism emerged after Congress released the Tariff of 1828, the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States was vetoed, and Jackson refusing to admit Texas as a state.